法律英语（第2课Legal System）.pptxVIP

Lesson2LegalSystem学习目标Theobjectiveofthelessonistointroducethemajorlegalsystemsintheworld.Studentsarerequiredtousethelegaltermstomakecomparisonsamongthelegalsystems

TextLegalSystemCivillawCivillawisthepredominantsystemoflawintheworld,withitsoriginsinRomanLaw,andsetsoutacomprehensivesystemofrules,usuallycodified,thatareappliedandinterpretedbyjudges.However,modernsystemsaredescendantsofthe19thcenturycodificationmovement,duringwhichthemostimportantcodes(mostprominentlytheNapoleonicCodeandGermanCivilCode)cameintoexistence.Lesson2LegalSystem

ThecivillawisbasedonRomanLaw,especiallytheCorpusJurisCivilisofEmperorJustinian,aslaterdevelopedthroughtheMiddleAgesbymedievallegalscholars.TheacceptanceofRomanlawhaddifferentcharacteristicsindifferentcountries.Insomeofthemitseffectresultedfromlegislativeact,i.e.,itbecamepositivelaw,whereasinotheronesitbecameacceptedbywayofitsprocessingbylegaltheorists.Consequently,RomanlawdidnotcompletelydominateinEurope.Romanlawwasasecondarysource,whichwasappliedonlyaslongaslocalcustomsandlocallawslackedapertinentprovisiononaparticularmatter.However,localrulestoowereinterpretedprimarilyaccordingtoRomanlaw,resultinginitsinfluencingthemainsourceoflawalso.Lesson2LegalSystem

Asecondcharacteristic,beyondRomanlawfoundations,istheextendedcodificationoftheadoptedRomanlaw,ie,itsinclusionintocivilcodes.Theconceptofcodificationdevelopedespeciallyduringthe17thand18thcentury,asanexpressionofbothNaturalLawandtheideasoftheEnlightenmentThepoliticalidealofthaterawasexpressedbytheconceptsofdemocracy,protectionofproperty,andoftheruleoflaw.Thatidealrequiredthecreationofcertaintyoflaw,throughtherecordingoflawandthroughitsuniformitySo,theaforemen