高中英语语法知识点总结-被动语态 讲义.docxVIP

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高中英语语法知识点总结-被动语态 讲义.docx

被动语态

一、概念

主动语态:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫做主动语态。

被动语态:当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语的形式叫做被动语态。

二、构成:be+过去分词

肯定:主语+be+过去分词(+by...)

Englishisspokeneverywhere.

否定:主语+be+not+过去分词(+by...)

Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.

一般疑问:be+主语+过去分词(+by...)?

—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?

—Yes,hewas.

特殊疑问:特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by...)?

Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?

1.一般现在:Youarerequiredtodoso.(主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他)

2.现在进行:Theroadisbeingbuilt.(主语+am/is/am+being+过去分词+其他)

3.现在完成:Thecomputerhasbeenrepaired.(主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词+其他)

4.一般过去:Thestorywasmadeupbyher.(主语+was/were+过去分词+其他)

5.过去进行:Thecomputerwasbeingrepaired.(主语+was/were+being+过去分词+其他)

6.过去完成:Hesaidthattheworkhadbeendone.(主语+hadbeen+过去分词+其他)

7.一般将来:Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.(主语+willbe+过去分词+其他)

8.过去将来:Hesaidthatthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.

(would+be+过去分词(肯定句)或wouldnot(wouldn’t)+be+过去分词(否定句))

三、特殊的被动语态

1.带情态动词的被动语态:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他

Theproblemmustbesolvedsoon.

2.带不定式的被动语态

Theroomneedstobecleaned.

Theroomisgoingtobecleaned.

3.及物动词短语的被动语态:即把及物动词短语当做一个整体来变

HeoftenlaughsatMary.

变:Maryisoftenlaughedatbyhim.

Ourschoolputoffthesportsmeeting.

变:Thesportsmeetingwasputoffbyourschool.

Maryputawayallthenewbooks.

变:AllthenewbookwereputawaybyMary.

Tomhandedinhishomework.

变:HishomeworkwashandedinbyTom.

4.注意下列短语被动语态的形式:

①takegoodcareof:很好的照顾

Youshouldtakegoodcareofthem.

Theyshouldbetakengoodcareofbyyou.

Goodcareshouldbetakenofthem.

②payattentionton./doing→attentionbepaidton./doing

Youmustpayattentiontoimprovingyourhealth.

Attentionmustbepaidtoimprovingyourhealthbyyou.

③makeuseof……todo

YoushouldmakeuseofyoursparetimetolearnEnglish.

变:

YoursparetimeshouldbemadeuseoftolearnEnglish.

四、下列动词没有被动形式,但意思上可译成被动

1.不及物动词没有被动形式

happen,takeplace,comeabout,occur,breakout,comeup,turnup

事故何时发生?

Whendidtheaccid

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