全球公共卫生治理合作：以中非共建“健康丝路”为视角（英文）.docxVIP

研究报告

PAGE

1-

全球公共卫生治理合作：以中非共建“健康丝路”为视角（英文）

一、Introduction

1.BackgroundofGlobalPublicHealthGovernance

Theglobalpublichealthgovernancelandscapehasevolvedsignificantlyoverthepastfewdecades,respondingtothedynamicnatureofhealthchallengesandtheincreasinginterconnectivityofsocieties.Inthe20thcentury,theprimaryfocuswasoncommunicablediseases,suchassmallpoxandpolio,whichledtotheestablishmentofglobalhealthorganizationsliketheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Theeradicationofsmallpoxin1980markedamajorachievementinglobalpublichealthgovernance,demonstratingthepowerofinternationalcollaboration.

Thelate20thcenturywitnessedtheriseofnon-communicablediseases(NCDs)asaleadingcauseofdeathanddisability,withagrowingburdeninlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Thisshiftnecessitatedareevaluationofglobalhealthgovernanceframeworks.TheWHOsadoptionoftheHealthforAllbytheYear2000Declarationin1978setaglobaltargettoreduceNCDs,particularlycardiovasculardiseases,cancer,andchronicrespiratorydiseases.TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs),particularlyMDG6oncombatingHIV/AIDS,malaria,andotherdiseases,furtherunderscoredtheimportanceofglobalhealthgovernanceinaddressingthesechallenges.

The21stcenturyhasbroughtnewchallengestoglobalpublichealthgovernance,includingtherapidspreadofinfectiousdiseases,environmentalhealththreats,andthegrowingimpactofNCDs.Theemergenceofthe2009H1N1influenzapandemicandtheCOVID-19pandemichashighlightedthevulnerabilityofglobalhealthsystemstorapidandunexpectedthreats.Theseeventshaveledtoareevaluationoftherolesofglobalhealthorganizations,nationalhealthsystems,andinternationalcooperation.DatafromtheWHOshowsthattheCOVID-19pandemichasresultedinover6milliondeathsglobally,underscoringtheurgencyofrobustglobalpublichealthgovernan