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/10.1038/s41467-022-30854-yOPEN

Unexpectedresponseofnitrogendepositionto

nitrogenoxidecontrolsandimplicationsforland

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MingxuLiu1,12,FangShang1,12,XingjieLu2,12,XinHuang3,YuSong1✉,BingLiu4,QiangZhang5,

67,891161

XuejunLiu,JunjiCao,TingtingXu,TiantianWang,ZhenyingXu,WenXu,WenlingLiao,

111021,11✉

LingKang,XuhuiCai,HongshengZhang,YongjiuDaiTongZhu

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TerrestrialecosystemsinChinareceivetheworld’slargestamountofreactivenitrogen(N)

deposition.Recentcontrolsonnitrogenoxides(NO=NO+NO)emissionsinChinato

x2

tackleairpollutionareexpectedtodecreaseNdeposition,yettheobservedNdeposition

fluxesremainalmoststagnant.HereweshowthattheeffectivenessofNOxemissioncontrols

forreducingoxidizedN(NOy=NOx+itsoxidationproducts)depositionisunforeseenin

EasternChina,withone-unitreductioninNOxemissionleadingtoonly55‒76%reductionsin

NOy-Ndeposition,asopposedtothehigheffectiveness(around100%)inbothSouthern

ChinaandtheUnitedStates.Usingan