中国文化概况Chapter10 Architecture.pptVIP

ArchitectureChapter10

10.1TraditionalChineseArchitecture10.2ChineseBridges10.3TypicalChineseStructuresandOrnaments

TraditionalChinesearchitecture,fromimperialpalacestocivilianhouses,featuredthefollowingcharacteristics:

10.1TraditionalChineseArchitecture10.1.1CharacteristicsofTraditionalChineseArchitecture1.TimberFrameworkTraditionalChinesearchitecturefeaturedtimberframeworkasthesupportingstructure.

Wallswerenotloadbearing;theywereonlyusedtoseparatespace.Thetimberframesupportedmostoftheweightofthehouse,sowindows,doors,andwallswerenotrestrictedtocertainlocations.

Theloadonthetopofastructurecouldbetransferredtoitsgroundworkthroughitsposts,beams,lintels(横木)andjoists.Timberframeworkwasresistanttoearthquakeswhilepossessingtheadvantagesofflexibilityandadaptability.

Plain,FlexibleandBeautifulLayoutTraditionalChinesestructureswereusuallybasedontheprincipleofbalanceandsymmetry.

Palaces,temples,andresidencesallfollowedtheprinciplethatthemainstructurewastheaxis.

Thesecondarystructureswerepositionedastwowingsoneithersidetoformthemainroomandyard.Inthisway,groupsofbuildingsappearedorganicallyassembled.

Mostofthebuildingswererectangular,whileotherswereround,squareorindistinctgeometricshapes.

TheBuildingMaterialsTraditionalChinesestructuresweremostlybuiltwithtimberbutsomewerebuiltwithbricksandtiles.

Theglazedtile,asahigh-gradebuildingmaterialinancientChina,wasusedexclusivelyonpalacebuildingsandonthelargemansionsofsomenoblesandhighofficials.

Theresidencesofsomenoblesandofficialswerebuiltwithgray-tiledroofs.

ArtisticRoofDesignAncientChinesebuildingstendedtohavehugeroofswithextendedeaves.Thiswastoensureenoughlightandavoidthedampeningofthewalls.

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