布尔代数与逻辑电路基础概要.pptx

BooleanAlgebraChapter12

ChapterSummaryBooleanFunctionsRepresentingBooleanFunctionsLogicGatesMinimizationofCircuits(notcurrentlyincludedinoverheads)ClaudeShannon(1916-2001)

BooleanFunctionsSection12.1

SectionSummaryIntroductiontoBooleanAlgebraBooleanExpressionsandBooleanFunctionsIdentitiesofBooleanAlgebraDualityTheAbstractDefinitionofaBooleanAlgebra

IntroductiontoBooleanAlgebra?

BooleanExpressionsandBooleanFunctionsDefinition:LetB={0,1}.ThenBn={(x1,x2,…,xn)|xi∈Bfor1≤i≤n}isthesetofallpossiblen-tuplesof0sand1s.ThevariablexiscalledaBooleanvariableifitassumesvaluesonlyfromB,thatis,ifitsonlypossiblevaluesare0and1.AfunctionfromBntoBiscalledaBooleanfunctionofdegreen.Example:ThefunctionF(x,y)=xfromthesetoforderedpairsofBooleanvariablestotheset{0,1}isaBooleanfunctionofdegree2.

BooleanExpressionsandBooleanFunctions(continued)?

BooleanExpressionsandBooleanFunctions(continued)?

BooleanFunctions?Theexampletellsusthatthereare16differentBooleanfunctionsofdegreetwo.WedisplaytheseinTable3.

IdentitiesofBooleanAlgebraEachidentitycanbeprovedusingatable.AllidentitiesinTable5,exceptforthefirstandthelasttwocomeinpairs.Eachelementofthepairisthedualoftheother(obtainedbyswitchingBooleansumsandBooleanproductsand0’sand1’s.TheBooleanidentitiescorrespondtotheidentitiesofpropositionallogic(Section1.3)andthesetidentities(Section2.2).

IdentitiesofBooleanAlgebraExample:Showthatthedistributivelawx(y+x)=xy+xzisvalid.Solution:Weshowthatbothsidesofthisidentityalwaystakethesamevaluebyconstructingthistable.

FormalDefinitionofaBooleanAlgebra?x∨0=xx∧1=x?(x∨y)∨z=x∨(y∨z)(x∧y)∧z=x∧(y∧z)x∨y=y∨xx∧y=y∧xx∨(y∧z)=(x∨y)∧(y∨z)x∧(y∨z)=(x∧y