清华社课件计算机专业英语6.3 unit 6 Passage 2 Advanced Reading Material ---Memory Structure and Chip Design（英文）.pptxVIP

计算机专业英语

UnitSixEmbeddedSystem

6.3Passage2AdvancedReadingMaterial—MemoryStructureandChipDesign1.Introduction?Intherealmofcomputersystems,memorystructure[1]andchipdesignareoffundamentalimportance.Memoryservesasthestoragespacefordataandprogramsthatthecomputersystemiscurrentlyprocessing.Itdirectlyimpactsthesystemsperformance,includinghowquicklydatacanbeaccessedandretrieved.Chipdesign[2],ontheotherhand,determinesthephysicalimplementationofmemorycomponentsandtheoverallfunctionalityofmemorysystems.Awell-designedmemorystructureandchipcanleadtofasterdataprocessing,highersystemefficiency,andbetteruserexperience.?

2.MemoryStructure?2.1TypesofMemory?2.1.1Random-AccessMemory(RAM)[3]Random-AccessMemory(RAM)isthemostcommontypeofmemoryinacomputersystem.Itallowsthecomputertoreadfromandwritetomemorylocationsrandomly.TherearetwomaintypesofRAMS:StaticRAM(SRAM)andDynamicRAM(DRAM).?

2.1.1Random-AccessMemory(RAM)[3]StaticRAM(SRAM)[4]:SRAMisfasterbutmoreexpensiveandhasalowerstoragedensity.Itusesflip-flopstostoredata.SinceitdoesntneedtoberefreshedasfrequentlyasDRAM,theaccesstimeismuchshorter.SRAMisoftenusedincachememory,whichisasmall,high-speedmemorythatstoresfrequentlyaccesseddataandinstructions.Forexample,inamodernCPU,theLevel1(L1)cacheisusuallymadeofSRAM.TheaccesstimeofSRAMcanbeaslowasafewnanoseconds.?

2.1.1Random-AccessMemory(RAM)[3]DynamicRAM(DRAM)[5]:DRAMisslowercomparedtoSRAMbutismorecost-effectiveandhasahigherstoragedensity.Itstoresdataincapacitors[6].However,capacitorstendtolosetheirchargeovertime,soDRAMneedstoberefreshedperiodically(usuallyseveralthousandtimespersecond).Mostofthemainmemoryinacomputer,suchasthememorymodulesinstalledonthemotherboard,isDRAM.AtypicalDDR4(Double-Da