初级中学三年级英语语法9578110.doc

Unit 1 How do you study for a test? 发布者：风　来源：　　时间：2007-5-18 9:01:23 ? 　　 ? Unit 1?? How do you study for a test? 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释1.? by asking the teacher for help（P2）通过向老师寻求帮助(1)“ask+sb+for+名词”意为“向某人请求……”;“向某人要求……”。They asked me for help.他们向我求助。We asked our PE teacher for a football.我们请求体育老师给我们一个足球。(2)by作介词时，后接动词-ing形式，这是中考的重点，大家可不要忘记啊！◎“通过……的方式”。Mr Green makes a living by teaching.格林先生以教书为生。◎“经过（某人/某物）”。He went by the supermarket on his way to school.在去上学的路上，他经过那家超市。◎“在……旁边，在……附近”。Li Lei sits by my side in the classroom.在教室里，李雷坐在我的旁边。◎“在……之前，不迟于……”。I can finish doing my homework by six o’clock. 我能在6点之前做完作业。◎表示交通方式，意为“乘……”。I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去上学。特别提示by作副词时，相当于near，意为“靠近”。The thief stole the money when no one was by.当旁边无人的时候，小偷偷走了钱。短语链语◎by and by “不久”,“一会儿”。It’s 12 o’clock now and we will go home by and by.现在12点了，过一会儿我们就要回家了。◎by the way “顺便说一下”。By the way, I forgot to tell you the news. 哦，对了，我忘记告诉你那个消息了。2.? He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it. (P4)他已经学了六年的英语，而且的确很喜欢它。He’s是He has的缩写。这是一个现在完成进行时态的句子，由“助动词have/has+been+现在分词”构成，用来表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。请看：Mr Green has been lying in bed for two weeks. 格林先生已经卧床两个星期了。We have been teaching in this school for eight and a half years.我们在这所学校教书已经8年半了。3.? She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. (P4)她补充说，和朋友交谈一点帮助都没有。（1）add的常见意思为“增加，添上，加上”。在本句中表示在说完上面的话语后又添加一些话语，是“又说，补充说”的意思。It will add to your troubles. 这将会给你们增添麻烦的。Mr Smith added that he would be back soon. 史密斯先生补充说他很快就会回来。（2）at all与not, no, nothing, nobody, nowhere等表示否定意义的词连用，用来加强否定意义，表示“完全不，一点儿都不，丝毫不”的意思。He doesn’t like swimming at all.他一点儿都不喜欢游泳。 There is nothing in the room at all.房间里面什么东西都没有。◎not at all单独使用时，用来回答对方的感谢或道歉，相当于That’ s all right, You’re welcome等。但是,You’re welcome主要用于美国英语中，而英国人则多用Not at all。—Thank you very much for your help.非常感谢你的帮助！—Not at all./That’ s all right./You’re welcome.别客气。4.? We get excited about something and then end up speak