辽史论文：辽南京地区海事问题研究_精品.docVIP

辽史论文：辽南京地区海事问题研究 【中文摘要】辽王朝雄起于我国北方草原地带,长期以来,这个盛大的北方草原王朝一直被定位为草原型的内陆帝国,而忽视了它的濒海特点。辽南京地区地处辽王朝版图的最南部,东部濒临渤海,位于渤海西北岸,有着数千年一脉相承的海洋文化传统。但是长期以来由于受到重陆轻海传统思维定式的影响,时至今日,辽代南京海事问题还基本上处于研究的盲区。综观辽代南京地区的海疆、海防、海关与海洋产业等方面史实,可以明确如下几点认识:第一,因辽王朝与中原政权对辽南京地区的争夺,使南京地区的海岸线呈现出时而南进、时而北缩的不稳定状态。辽统和二十二年(1004),辽宋“澶渊之盟”的签订,使南京地区的海岸线稳定在北起今秦皇岛戴河入海口至今天津海河入海口这一范围内,直至辽亡再无重大变化;第二,辽代在南京地区至少建有三个重要海港,分别是位于滦河入海口附近的平州港、位于鲍丘水(蓟运河)上的卢台军港及位于界河之上的军粮城港,由于辽南京地区是辽朝财赋的重心所在,故前述三个海港的使用应是经常而频繁的,因此应存在着多条海上航线;第三,至辽圣宗末期,辽南京地区的海岸线基本趋于稳定,辽朝对南京地区的海防管理也随之规范化。辽朝在南京地区实行的是常规军与特遣军、陆军与水军相结合的海防管理机制;第四,由于辽南京地区频临渤海、海岸线较长,故海盐产地相对较多。辽王朝南京地区海盐业的管理体制由南京三司、南京转运司及盐务专司三级系统所组成。此外,因南京地区盐产量大,除可充分供应南京地区居民食用之外,辽朝商人也将食盐贩卖到辽朝其他地区及宋朝境内。通过研究辽代南京地区海事来复原辽代封尘已久的重要海事历史内容,不仅有助于填补辽史研究领域的海事空白,推进当代辽史研究,同时可为当前我国的政治、经济和文化社会发展建设提供一份可资参考的历史依据。 【英文摘要】The Liao dynasty, 907-1125, also known as Khitan Empire, has five capitals, including Liao Nanjing, Liao Shangjing, Liao Dongjing, Liao Zhongjing and Liao Xijing. Liao Nanjing is localized in the south part of Great Liao and is the largest metropolitan area of Liao dynasty. Its east part is on the coast of Bohai Sea and the major ports include Tangshan, Qinhuangdao and part of Tianjin.As the majority of the historic research of Liao dynasty is focused on the mainland of Great Liao, Liao Empire was identified as a landlocked country. Actually, the Liao Nanjing is a littoral city with a great history. The ability to access to the sea is generally a great influence to a nation. In this study, the research is focused on the political, military aspects and seaborne trade of Liao Nanjing:First of all, since the rise of Liao Empire, Liao Nanjing is always the pivotal military target of the neighbor countries, such as the Five Dynasty, which ruled northern China in succession from 907 to 960, and the Song Dynasty, which succeeded the Later Zhou Dynasty in 960. After the Treaty of Chan Yuan was worked out in January of 1005, Liao Nanjing was identified as part of the Great Liao.Secondly, there were as least three ports in Li