病理学英文课件_7.3HypersensitivityReactions_.pptVIP

Section 2 Hypersensitivity Reactions Type I hypersensitivity (Anaphylactic type) Immediate hypersensitivity reaction, resulting from release of pharmacologically active mediators. (2) Tissue reactions: variable in severity Mildest may be only edema. Reaction is triggered by mast cells, basophils. If inflammatory cells are present, many are eosinophils. (3) Diseases ① Urticaria and angioneurotic edema ② Asthma ③ Hay fever ④Insect allergy: serious or fatal anaphylaxis may follow. Edema of larynx, with airway obstruction may occur. 2. Type II Hypersensitivity Cytolytic or cytotoxic reactions (1) Mechanism: ① Complement-dependent reactions Transfusion reactions Erythroblastosis fetal Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Certain drug reactions ②Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicit (ADCC). May be relevant to: Graft rejection The destruction of targets too large to be phagocytosed, such as parasites or tumor cells. ③Antibody-mediated cellular dysfunction Myasthenia gravis: muscle weakness Graves’ disease: hyperthyroidism 3. Type Ⅲ Hypersensitivity (Immune complex-mediated) (1) Reaction types ① Arthus reaction ② serum sickness ③ Collagen diseases (2) Toxic complex diseases: ① Acute glomerulonephritis ② Systemic lupus erythematosus ③ Necrotizing angiitides ④ Rheumatoid arthritis ⑤ Progressive systemic sclerosis ⑥ Dermatomyositis etc. 4. Type Ⅳ Hypersensitivity (Cell-Mediated ) Delayed hypersensitivity reaction (1) Tissue reaction: Consist of parenchymal destruction associated with perivascular lymphocytic and macrophage reaction. (2) Diseases: ① Chronic active hepatitis ② Viral exanthem(皮疹） ③ Contact dermatitis ④ Graft rejection ⑤ Inflammatory bowel disease. * * Slide 7.9 Activation of mast cells in type I hypersensitivity and release of their mediators. ECF, eosinophil chemotactic factor; NCF, neutrophil chemotactic factor; PAF, platelet-activating factor. (From Robbins Basic Pathology ,2003） Slide 7.10 Schematic illustration