病理学英文版课件_内分泌系统疾病The End_ocrine System Diseases.pptVIP

Chapter 13 ;diffuse nontoxic goiter;;pituitary;TG;pituitary;diffuse nontoxic goiter;diffuse nontoxic goiter: or simple goiter is the most common thyroid disease. types: endemic goiter  sporadic goiter;most often caused by iodine deficiency;Morphology: 1.diffuse hyperplasia goiter 2.diffuse colloid goiter3.nodular goiter;1.diffuse hyperplasia goiter diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, smooth and soft; the follicles are lined by  crowded columnar cells, which may pile up and  form projections;2.diffuse colloid goiter the thyroid gland is more enlarged than before, smooth and soft; cut surface :usually brown , somewhat glassy,and translucent;  follicle epithelial cells flattened, colloid is abundant;;;3. nodular goiter: gross appearance: a more irregular enlargement; termed nodular ; cut surface: fibrosis,hemorrhage, calcification ,cystic change ;;;cut surface;microscopic appearance: colloid-rich follicle lined by flattened , inactive epithelium, and areas of follicle epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, accompanied by the regressive changes noted previously.;;;diffuse nontoxic goiter;an autoimmue disorder ;a variety of autoantibodies may be present in the serum,antibody to TSH receptor, such as :TSI , TGI;pituitary;more common in females ;enlargement of the thyroid;hyperthyroidism ; ophthalmopathy. ;ophthalmopathy;gross appearance: diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland; cut surface: gray-red ,colloid-poor, muscle-like;;;;;;;diffuse nontoxic goiter;glucose metabolism fat metabolism protein metabolism;polyuria polydipsia polyphagia weight loss;primary diabetes mellitus secondary diabetes mellitus; primary diabetes mellitus IDDM: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NIDDM: non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ;IDDM, type 1 : 10% childrenadults; normal weight; decreased blood insulin; anti-islet cell antibodies; insulin-dependent on therapy.;NIDDM,type 2: 90% adults children