病理学英文课件_Chapter_3_Disturbances_of_local_circulation3.5Embolism_.PPTVIP

Section 4 Embolism Definition: Embolism is the process by which a detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin. Pathogenesis (Types of embolism) (1) Thromboembolism: Detached thrombi cause the commonest type of embolism. The detached thrombus may be of venous, arterial, or cardiac origin. (2) Fat embolism: Fractures of long bones and/or operative manipulation of fractures; Trauma to adipose tissue or fatty liver; Acute pancreatitis. Fat emboli tend to be small and they often cause small infarcts adjacent to capillaries at the sites where they lodge in. (3) Gaseous embolism Mismanaged intravenous infusions; Operations in which large veins are opened; Decompression sickness. (4) Amniotic fluid embolism The uterine contractions that occur during childbirth can sometimes cause amniotic fluid to be driven through the placental bed into the maternal circulation. This can cause acute respiratory distress and shock. It may be fatal. (5) Tumor fragments * * Common locations in which venous and arterial emboli cause infarction and the anatomical routes by which they reach these organs. (参照武忠弼 病理学规划教材第一版 人民卫生出版社修改 ) (Photo is offered by Prof. Orr) (6) Infective agents (7) Atheromatous plaques can break away from the vessel wall and form emboli.