英语词汇学串讲2.doc

第五章：Word Meaning The meanings of‘Meaning’ 指的是哪三个层次的内容?意义中的含义的三个层次的划分:What are the meanings of ‘Meaning’?1) Reference (有reference 的词必然具有sense, 也必然具有Concept ) 2) Concept( 能够形成Concept 的词必然有reference )3) Sense (有sense 的词未必具有concept , 也未必具有reference)(Conjunction , prepositions, adverbs, 它们都是具有sense 的词,但是未必具有reference , 也未必具有concept, 例如：if, but, probably : 它们有sense, 但没有concept ) What is the relationship between the reference and the thing outside the language?（等同于：What is relationship between sound and form ）答: Arbitrary and conventional 名词解释: reference 名词Concept : 1. Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical .They are both related directly to referents and are notions of the words but belong to different categories.2. Concept, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind . 3. Concept is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on.4. a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languages in the world.重点: sense 的名词解释：Sense : 1. ‘ sense’ denotes the relationships inside the language. ‘ The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language.’2. Since the sense of an expression is not a thing, it is often difficult to say what sort of identity it is. It is also an abstraction.*3. Every word that has meaning has sense (not every word has reference)重点：What are the type of motivation？1) Onomatopoeic motivation 2) Morphological Motivation 3) Semantic Motivation 4) Etymological Motivation填空:1.some of the words when edited with prefixes and suffixes, it will become another new word, either new in meaning or new in sense, this motivation is called ( morphological motivation ) 2. Compounds are totally different in the meaning before it was carried out with different elements, so the meaning of a compound can not be deduced from component constit