美国数学建模竞赛特等奖论文——t Panic【数学建模】.pdfVIP

Don’t Panic! 297 Don’t Panic! Timothy Jones Jeremy Katz Allison Master North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics Durham, NC 27705 Advisor: Dot Doyle Assumptions and Hypotheses People evacuating in a fire always move towards the nearest exit, regardless of which path to an exit is least crowded and what obstacles are in their way. Thus, a room with multiple exits can be treated as several smaller rooms, each feeding one exit. People only become crowded at a finite number of “bottlenecks”—points at which a line develops and evacuating people must wait. In all other areas, people can move freely. However, the line at these points occupies a minimal amount of space. Individuals all move through open areas (where there are no bottlenecks) at the same constant rate. This rate depends on the type of occupants in the room and the presence or absence of inanimate obstacles. We disregard building construction, panic hardware (such as pushbar doors), and alarm systems. The time for an individual to move through the line at a bottleneck follows an exponential probability density function. However, the variation among people is relatively small. Analysis and Model Development All of the different reasons to limit the capacity of a building space are more or less independent of one other. For example, during a fire, the sanitation of c The UMAP Journal 20 (3) (1999) 297–309. Copyright 1999 by COMAP, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice. Abstracting with credit is permitted, but copyrights for components of this work owned by others than COMAP must