currentsituatiionanddevelopmentofnontariffbarrier外文文献.docVIP

Current Situation and Development of Nontariff Barriers 付继洁 1.1 Background Tariff barrier and nontariff barrier are two tools of trade protection. After the World War Two, with several rounds of trade negotiation held by GATT, tariff level has been lowered significantly. Tariff barrier can only play a role in an ever smaller scope. At the same time, due to economic globalization and trade liberation, all the countries are intensifying their struggle for world market. trade competition between countries reached a white-hot level. So under the WTO regulations, trade protectionism does not shrank a little, it expands. Nontariff barrier is an undeniable evidence. In many countries, nontariff barriers are main measures for trade protection. In 1967,during the Kennedy Round, there are only 80 kinds of nontariff barriers, but in 1997, nontariff barriers has increased to 3000 kinds only in ten years. The development of nontariff barriers has in-depth influence on world trade and Chinas foreign export. After the implementation of Open-up policy, China has made the world-known achievement in foreign trade. Comprehensive national power increased apparently. In 2002, Chinas export hit 300 billion for the first time, achieve 325 billion. At the same time, developed countries put forward more and more nontariff measures which is directed against China. Now we are facing with multiple nontariff barriers, like anti-dumping, technological barrier and so on. take anti-dumping and safeguard measures as examples, over 32 countries has launched anti-dumping and safeguard investigation against Chinas exported products until 2002. We have lost more than 15 billion dollars. It is notable that Chinas foreign trade first meets deficit on January, 2003 for 1.24 billion. And export trade increases slowly in the following months. Nontariff barrier has existential and potential threat to Chinas foreign trade. So it is necessary to conduct deeper research on nontariff barrier and to tr