《毕业论文：基于马赫—泽德干涉仪的量子隐形传态方案》.doc

基于马赫—泽德干涉仪的量子隐形传态方案 摘 要 量子信息学是一门新兴的交叉学科，它通常包括量子计算和量子通信两部分。其中利用量子纠缠进行量子隐形传态是量子通信中进展最显著的方向之一，近年来在理论和实验上均取得了重大突破。量子隐形传态的基本思想是：将原物的信息分为经典信息和量子信息,它们分别经由经典信道和量子信道传送给接收者,经典信息是发送者（Alice）对原物进行某种测量而获得的,量子信息是发送者在测量中未提取的其余信息。接收者（Bob）在获得这两种信息后,就可以制造出原物的完美的复制品。 考虑到以往量子隐形传态方案大多采用很难在实验上实现的联合Bell态测量，本文在理解量子通信基本概念及其基本性质的基础上，提出了基于线性光学器件的量子隐形传态方案。该方案避免了事先分配量子通道的麻烦，利用马赫－泽德干涉仪及单比特测量一步实现了量子通道制备和量子态转移的全过程。 关键词：量子隐形传态；幺正变换；线性光学器件；马赫－泽德干涉仪 Scheme for implementing quantum teleportation via Mach-Zehnder interferometer Abstract Quantum information science is a new inter-discipline which includes quantum computation and quantum communication in general. Quantum teleportation, an important application of entanglement, has got remarkable progress both experimentally and theoretically. The principle of quantum teleportation is that an unknown quantum state can be disassembled into, then later reconstructed from, purely classical information and purely nonclassical Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations. To do so the sender, ‘‘Alice,’’ and the receiver, ‘‘Bob,’’ must prearrange the sharing of an EPR-correlated pair of particles. Alice makes a joint measurement on her EPR particle and the unknown quantum system, and sends Bob the classical result of this measurement. Knowing this, Bob can convert the state of his EPR particle into an exact replica of the unknown state which Alice destroyed. Considering the experimental difficult in realizing the joint measurement, which is commonly adopted in previous schemes, we propose here some quantum teleportation schemes via the linear optical elements with particular focus on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. These schemes avoid the prior distribution of quantum channel. We realize the generation of quantum channel and the teleportation in one setup and one process. Keywords: quantum teleportation; local unitary operation; linear optical element; Mach-Zehnder interferometer