2010MTI培训翻译教程.doc

2010MTI培训翻译教程 Chapter one. 翻译概论 一、翻译的定义 Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Nida)翻译是从语义到文体在译入语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是是文体（谭载喜：《奈达论翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司，1984，p.10）。 Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textural material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language.(TL). (Catford) 翻译可作如下界定：用一种语言（目的语）的文体材料对等地再现另一种语言（出发语）的文本材料 Translation is a process in which the parole of one language is transferred into the parole of another with the content i.e. meaning unchanged. (Barhudarov) 翻译是一种创造性的工作，好的翻译等于创作，甚至还可能超过创作。（郭沫若） A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.(A.F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791) 译文应完全复写出原作的思想。译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同。译文应和原作同样流畅。 translation is first a science, which entails the knowledge and verification of the facts and the language that describes them----- here, what is wrong, mistakes of truth, can be identified; secondly, it is a skill, which calls for appropriate language and acceptable usage; thirdly, an art, which distinguishes good from undistinguished writing and is the creative, the intuitive, sometimes the inspired, level of the translation; lastly, a matter of taste, where argument ceases, preferences are expressed, and the variety of meritorious translation is the reflection of individual differences.（Newmark）首先，翻译是一门科学，它需要对事实的认知、核查，需要懂得描述这些事实的语言---错误的内容，错误的事实，应该得以鉴别。第二，翻译是一种技巧，它需要恰当的语言和约定俗成的用法。第三，翻译是一门艺术，它识优辨劣，是一种创造性的、凭直觉的，有时是闪烁灵感的翻译。最后，翻译是一种风格，它弥合了分歧，显示了个人的偏爱，形形色色精彩纷呈的译文折射了译者的特点。 二、翻译的类别 既然翻译的性质可从不同的角度来定义，那么同样翻译的种类也可从不同的视角来分类。一般说来，翻译可从5种不同的角度来分类（见教材pp.2-3）： 1） 从译出语和译入语的角度来分类，翻译可分为本族语译为外语外语译为本族语； 2） 从涉及到的语言符号来分类，翻译分为语内翻译（intralingua