中学用英文编写的数学讲义：比、比例及变数法.pdf

Chapter8 Ratio, Proportion and Variation 比、比例及变数法 The Syllabus Whole Syllabus Tailored Syllabus Including direct, inverse, joint and partial Including direct, inverse, joint and partial variations 正变、反变、联变及部分变法 . variations. Excluding algebraic manipulation of continued proportion 连续比例 . A Rate A rate is a comparison between two quantities of Different kinds and rate has unit. Example 1 A car travels 100km in 2 hours. The rate of travelling of the car is 50km/h. Find the speed of the car in a metre per hour, b metre per second. Correct the answer to 3 significant figures Solution 100 a The travelling rate km/h 2 50 km/h 50000 m/h b The travelling rate 50000m/h B Ratio A ratio is a comparison between two numbers or two quantities of the Same kind and ratio has No unit. Note: i If k ?0 ,a : b ka : kb ii If a : b m : n and b : c n : k, then a : b : c m : n : k Examples 2 The heights of John and Mary are 125cm and 150cm. The ratio of the height of John to the height of Mary is 125 : 150. 5 i.e. 5 : 6 or 6 1 Examples 3 Figure a shows a sphere of radius r 1 and Figure b shows a cylinder of base radius r 2 and height r 2 . If the ratio of the volume of the sphere to the volume of the cylinder is 9 : 2, find r 1 : r 2 . Solution Volume of the sphere : Volume of the cylinder