复合酶法玉米多孔淀粉的制备及特性研究.docVIP

  复合酶法玉米多孔淀粉的制备及特性研究# 张超，李玥，钟芳** （江南大学食品学院，江苏 无锡 214122） 5 10 摘要：本文以玉米淀粉为实验材料，分别以不同体积配比的α-淀粉酶和糖化酶，在不同酶 用量、pH、反应温度、时间、底物浓度条件下制备玉米多孔淀粉，通过单因素和正交实验 优化最佳工艺，并研究了多孔淀粉成孔情况。最佳制备工艺如下：酶用量 1.0%，α-淀粉酶 与糖化酶体积比 1:3，pH 5.4，反应时间 20h，反应温度 45，底物浓度 30%，多孔淀粉得 率为 51.15%，吸油率为 79.27%，为原淀粉吸油率的 2.9 倍。颗粒成孔效果最好，微孔较多 且分布均匀，大部分深入颗粒内部，颗粒整体保持完好，并且淀粉粒度减小不大，更加均一 化。 关键词：玉米淀粉；得率；吸油率；α-淀粉酶；糖化酶；粒度 中图分类号：TS236 15 Preparation and properties of corn porous starch by enzymatic hydrolysis ZHANG Chao, LI Yue, ZHONG Fang (Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,JiangSu WuXi 214122) 20 25 30 35 40 Abstract: In this study, native corn starch was selected as the experimental material to prepare porous starch with two different enzymes mixed at varied ratios. Other parameters including pH, temperature, reaction time, and concentration of starch were also investigated. Both single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to obtain the optimum preparative conditions. The best hydrolysis conditions obtained are showed as follows: amount of enzymes 1.0%, ratio of enzymes (α-amylase:glucoamylase) 1:3, temperature 45 ℃ , reaction time 20h, pH5.4, and concentration of starch 30%. Under these conditions, the prooduct yield was 51.15%, and the capacity of oil absorption was 79.27%, which was 2.9 times as much as that of native starch. Moreover, the porosity of porous starch was best with many pores which showed a uniform distribution. Majority of the pores were found to be embeded into the granule’s interior. The overall structure remained intact, and the reduction in the particle size of the granules was not very distinct but tended to be homogeneous. Key words: corn starch; product yield; oil absorption; α-amylase; glucoamylase; particle size 0 引言 多孔淀粉，这个概念由 Whistler 等[1]首次提出，它是一种新型的变性淀粉，以自身优势 受到学者广泛的关注。淀粉颗粒经过淀粉酶的作用会产生直径 1μm 的小孔，其孔隙率达到 50％以上。这样的淀粉颗粒可以保护不稳定的物质，掩蔽难闻的气味或苦味，当这些物质被 埋藏在多孔淀粉颗粒孔内，并在颗粒表面涂上一层膜，可以有效地防氧化，分解，限制异味 释放[2]。多孔淀粉加入到一些体系中可以增加体系粘度和稳定性，改善保持脂肪和水的能力， 也可作为易挥发性物质的吸附剂和脂肪替代品[3]。 多孔淀粉