宏观经济学的数据课件.pptVIP

* * Source: /fred2/ * * For the U.S., GDP and GNP are very close. Thus, students may not realize why we bother teaching them the difference. The data on this slide makes clear that the difference is very important for many countries. Source: World Bank. * Each number is the percent of the “typical” household’s total expenditure. source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, /cpi/ * * * * CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 练习: 计算失业率 U.S. adult population by group, June 2006 就业者总数 = 144.4 million 失业者总数 = 7.0 million 成年人口总数 = 228.8 million 请用上面的数据计算 劳动者总数 失业率 CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 The establishment survey The BLS obtains a second measure of employment by surveying businesses, asking how many workers are on their payrolls. Neither measure is perfect, and they occasionally diverge due to: treatment of self-employed persons new firms not counted in establishment survey technical issues involving population inferences from sample data CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 Two measures of employment growth Percentage change from 12 months earlier CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 Discussion question: In your country, which would you want to be bigger, GDP, or GNP? Why? CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 (GNP – GDP) as a percentage of GDP selected countries, 2002 CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 The composition of the CPI’s “basket” CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 Discussion questions: If your grandmother receives Social Security, how is she affected by the CPI’s bias? Where does the government get the money to pay COLAs to Social Security recipients? If you pay income and Social Security taxes, how does the CPI’s bias affect you? Is the government giving your grandmother too much of a COLA? How does your grandmother’s “basket” differ from the CPI’s? Chapter Summary 1. 由于每一次交易都有买者与卖者，所以，经济中的总支出必定等于经济中的总收入。 2. 国内生产总值 (GDP) 衡量一个经济用于新生产的产品与服务的总支出，以及生产这些产品与服务所赚到的总收入。 3. GDP是指在一定时期内，一个国家或地区的经济中所生产的全部最终产品与服务的市场价值。 GDP分为四大类支出： 消费C、投资I、政府购买G和净出口NX slide * CHAPTER 2 宏观经济数据 Chapter Summary 5. 名义GDP用现期价格来计算经济中产品与服务的生产。实际GDP用不变的基年价格来计算经