超临界CO2萃取花椒中有效成分的分析和研究.doc

本科毕业论文 超临界CO2萃取 花椒中有效成分的研究 摘 要 花椒是良好的调味佐料，也可榨油，出油率在25%以上。果皮和果籽均含有挥发油，大部分在果皮之中，油的主要化学成分为柠檬烯、枯醇、牻牛儿醇，此外还含有植物甾醇及不饱和有机酸等多种化合物。花椒中提取的挥发油等化学成分对心血管系统、消化系统、免疫机能、凝血功能、镇痛、镇静、抗炎、抑菌杀虫，抗肿瘤等均具有较强的药理活性，因而具有良好的市场前景。因此，花椒有效成分提取工艺的研究具有很重要的意义。传统的提取方法主要有溶剂法提取等，但这些方法多存在有机溶剂残留、操作复杂、工艺流程较长、产物得率低等问题。超临界CO2流体萃取技术作为一种新兴的分离提取技术用于花椒中有效成分的提取与分离，并具有方法简单，有机溶剂无残留以及提取效率高等优点。 本论文在花椒粒度40目，进样量50g，分离温度35℃，分离器Ⅰ的压力为5MPa的条件下，以超临界CO2萃取物得率为评价指标，通过正交试验考察萃取压力、萃取时间和萃取温度对萃取得率的影响，得到了超临界CO2萃取花椒较佳的工艺条件为萃取压力15MPa，萃取温度45℃，萃取时间1.5h，并通过直观对比、直观分析、因素分析和方差分析，确定影响因素重要性依次为萃取压力﹥萃取温度﹥萃取时间。 通过本论文的研究，得到了合适的超临界CO2萃取花椒中有效成分的实验条件，最终确定了超临界萃取花椒中有效成分的较佳工艺条件，为进一步开发利用超临界流体萃取技术提供理论依据，同时也为医药、食品等有效成分的超临界CO2提取分离以及在其在高分子科学中的应用提供了科学指导。 关键词：花椒；超临界；CO2流体；萃取 Abstract Chinese prickly ash is good taste seasoning,it also can press, yield efficiency is more than 25% .Peel and fruit all contains the seeds oil which most exist in the peel,the main chemical components in oil are limonene and dry alcohol, Mang bull alcohol,in addition, it also contains plant sterol and unsaturated organic acid and many other kinds of compounds.Chinese prickly ash extract of chemical composition of volatile cardiovascular system, the digestive system, immune function,blood clotting ,analgesic, composed, anti-inflammat ory, antibacterial insecticidal, antitumor, etc with strong pharmacological activity,so the market has a good prospect.Therefore, Chinese prickly ash effective components extraction process research has a profound significance.Solvent extraction method is one of the main traditional methods of extraction,but these methods are organic solvent residual, complex operation and the process flow is longer, product rate is lower. As a new extraction techniques，supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology is used in Chinese prickly ash effective compositions of extraction and separation,and the method is simple, organic solvent extraction is no residual and high efficiency. Based on the above analysis, it is determined that the size of prickly