探析采用新型砌块墙体裂缝的防治.docVIP

探析采用新型砌块墙体裂缝的防治 摘要：用新型砌块砌筑的墙体发生裂缝，是我国墙体材料革新后产生的一种新的质量通病，已引起人们的重视，本文就墙体发生裂缝的原因及防治措施进行分析和探讨。 Abstract: with the new block masonry wall body crack, is our country to produce a new wall materials innovation quality common fault, has aroused peoples attention, in this paper, the wall body crack reason and prevention measures were analyzed and discussed. 关键词：新型砌块 墙体 裂缝 防治 Key words: new block wall crack prevention and control 一、前言 One, foreword 近几年来，建设部大力推广新型墙体材料，加上新型砌体材料比粘土砖有许多优点（自重轻、节能、造价低），使得各种轻质砌块得到广泛使用，而大量使用轻质砌块后，由于设计与施工对砌块性能的掌握不够以及生产监管力度不到位，致使建筑物建成后墙体开裂渗漏问题较多，工程质量投诉很多。为此，有必要对新型墙体材料砌块的特性进行研究分析，并采取合适的设计和施工方法，避免墙体开裂质量通病的继续扩大，确保工程质量。 In recent years, the ministry of construction to promote the new wall materials, coupled with new masonry materials have many advantages than clay brick (light weight, energy saving, low cost), making all kinds of lightweight block is widely used, and the extensive use of lightweight block, due to the design and construction to understand the performance of block is not enough and production supervision does not reach the designated position, after the completion of the building wall cracking leakage problem is more, the project quality complaint a lot. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of new type wall materials block analysis, and take appropriate design and construction methods, avoid walling quality common fault continues to expand, to ensure the engineering quality. 二、 产生裂缝的原因分析 Second, the analysis of the causes of cracks 1.砌块材质的问题 1. The block material 非承重砼小砌块主要是轻骨料砼。由于轻质砌块容重轻，用作非承重墙体时较红砖有较大优越性。但也应看到它的缺点，一是收缩率比粘土砖大，随着含水量的降低，材料会产生较大的干缩变形,这类干缩变形引在建筑引起不同程度的裂缝。二是砌块受潮后会出现二次收缩，干缩后的材料受潮后会发生膨胀，脱水后会再发生干缩变形，引起墙体发生裂缝。三是砌块砌体的抗拉及抗剪切强度只有粘土砖的50%。四是砌块质量的不稳定。由于砌块自身的一些缺陷，引起一些裂缝，如房屋内外纵墙中间对称分布的倒八字裂缝；在建筑底部一至二层窗台边出现的斜裂缝或竖向裂缝；在屋顶圈梁下出现的水平缝和水平包角裂缝；在大片墙面上出现的底部重、上部较轻的竖向裂缝。另外不同材料和构件的差异变形也会导致墙体开裂。如楼板错层处或高低层连接处常出现的裂缝，框架填充墙或柱间墙因不同材料的差异变形出现的裂缝。这些都是材质问题所致。 Non load-bearing concrete small block mainly is the lightweight aggregate concrete. Due t