基于单片机的燃气报警系统的设计.doc

摘 要 随着社会的进步，科技的发展，人们的生活水平得到了提升，天然气煤气逐渐进入我们的家庭，它给我们带来方便的同时也带给了我们危害。一旦发生大面积泄露，处置不及时就可能引发大爆炸，给我们的生命财产安全带来威胁。因此对燃气的检测和报警是一项必要的工作。怎样防止燃气中毒与爆炸也已成为人们的迫切需要！ 本系统设计以80C51单片机为控制核心，利用传感器对环境中气体的浓度进行检测，通过A\D转换芯片将检测到的气体浓度值转换为由二进制表示的单片机能够识别的数字信号。单片机对数字信号进行处理和判断，如果气体浓度超过预设值则由声光报警系统进行报警。 该设计充分利用了单片机电路简单，价格低廉，可靠性好等优点对该系统进行实时控制，利用其编程简单，系统运行速度快等优点使系统在性能、精确度和灵敏度等方面得到了一定的提升。 关键词：51单片机，传感器，A\D转换，声光报警系统 ABSTRACT With the progress of society, the development of science and technology, peoples living standard has been improved, natural gas and coal gas gradually into our family, it brings us convenience but also bring us harm. Once large area leakage, untimely disposal can cause big bang, to our life and property security threats. The gas detection and alarm is a necessary work. How to prevent gas poisoning and explosion has become the urgent need of the people! The system design based on 80C51MCU as the control core, using the sensor in gas concentration detection, through the A \ D conversion chip will detect gas concentration value conversion from binary representation of the one-chip computer can identify the digital signal. Single chip digital signal processing and judgment, if the gas concentration exceeds a preset value by the sound and light alarm system for alarm. The design makes full use of the computer has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost, good reliability of the system for real-time control, using the simple programming, system running speed in the performance of the system, the system accuracy sensitivity has been certain promotion. Key Words: 51 MCU, sensor,A / D conversion,sound and light alarm system 目 录 1 引言 1 2 元件选取 3 2.1单片机 3 2.1.1 单片机的选型 3 2.1.2 80C51系列单片机的基本组成 3 2.1.3单片机中断响应的结构与控制 4 2.1.4单片机复位电路介绍 5 2.1.5单片机延时系统介绍 5 2.2烟雾传感器 6 2.2.1 烟雾传感器的选型 6 2.2.2 气体传感器介绍 6 2.3 A\D转换芯片 7 2.3.1 A\D转换芯片的选择 7 2.3.2 A\D转换的器件介绍 8 3 系统硬件设计 10 3.1 系统整体结构设计 10 3.2 系统各部分电路设计 10 3.2.1 电源模块 10 3.2.2 声光报警系统模块 11 3.2.3 控制电路 12 3.2.4 A\D转换电路 13 3.2.5 烟雾传感器的连接电路 14 3.3 系统整体