动态语境与语境洽商.pdf

2003 年 1 月 外语教学 Jan. 2003 第 24 卷　第 1 期 F oreign L anguage Educa tion V o l. 24 N o. 1 动态语境与语境洽商 侯国金 (上海外国语大学 英语学院 上海 200083) 摘　要: 本文分四部分, 第 1 部分概述古今中外对语境的看法和研究。第 2 部分是语境的详细分类。第 3 部分讨论语境 的功能。第 4 部分讨论“动态语境”和“认知语用推理”。我们既重视静态语境, 更重视动态语境。我们认为交际是“互动 意义”的生成和理解, 它一方面以动态的洽商和语境领悟为基础, 另一方面以基本“给定”语境为出发点, 在“明示推理 交际”中动态而高效地推导隐含前提和隐含结论。文章最后提出微观或宏观地研究动态语境的各种途径的设想。 关键词: 动态语境; 意义; 洽商; 推理 ( ) 中图分类号: H 313　　文献标识码: A 　　文章编号: 2003 Abstract: T h is paper cuts into 4 sections, the first giving an overview of various view s about context of Ch inese and fo reign peop le of the p resent and the past , the second section a m inute classification of context, the th ird section a discussion of contextual functions, and the fourth section, the mo st impo rtant part , dealing w ith contextual dynam ics . , , , and cognitive p ragm atic inference Static context w e confess is by no m eans unimpo rtant but w e attach mo re im po rtance to dynam ic context, because, as w e ho ld , comm unication is based on interactive m eaning generation and in terp retation on the one hand , and on dynam ic nego tiation and interp retation of context on the o ther, and all comm uni , , cation starts from a certain relevant given context and fo llow ing the o stensive inference model dynam ically and ef