基于“学习元”的进化学习.pptVIP

Reusable Learning Unit proposed the concept of combination and reusage of mini-courseware and mini-materials, which initiated the study of learning resources sharing. “Learning object” (ADL, 2004) is similar to “Reusable Learning Unit”, but it supplies a technological solution to the data exchange between learning resources and learning support systems, and to the standardization of learning support systems’ construction, realizing a higher-level sharing among different LMSs on the engineering level. The concept of “learning design” ( Sandy Britain, 2004) realizes a higher-level sharing of educational process with activities on the instructional level through the way of supporting the reusing of teaching methods, teaching strategies and teaching activities. The emergency of IMS-LD (IMS GLC, 2003) indicates that the study of learning support system transfers its focus from learning object to learning design, and that the range of learning resources sharing also extends from learning object to learning design, from learning resources to learning process. However, the learning design technology that stands for the sharing of advanced wisdom is not an end to the way of learning content sharing. * * The u-learning makes it possible that people can access to learning resources needed currently, at any time anywhere through any mobile display terminal. （1）泛在学习需要适应性的学习资源 泛在学习环境需要为学习者的个性化学习需求提供支持，根据不同的要求，提供“随需应变”的学习资源服务。因此，泛在学习要求更为适应性的学习资源，能够适应学习者的不同需求，适应不同的学习终端，灵活的重组成不同的结构，满足个性化的学习要求。 （2）泛在学习需要无处不在的海量情景化学习资源 泛在学习强调学习的情境性，能够根据不同的学习情境提供不同的学习服务，以情景问题为核心组织学习知识，支持非正式学习中的情境认知，满足学习与生活融合的需要；泛在学习资源需要无处不在，这要变传统的单点集中式资源存储模式为分布式网络存储，满足未来学习资源无限扩展的需要；发挥用户群体的集体智慧和力量“群建共享”学习资源，形成一个可以无限扩展的资源生成链条，满足不同群体乃至个人的个性化学习需求； （3）泛在学习需要可进化的学习资源 泛在学习的学习者往往是带着真实情境下的问题参与学习过程，要求学习资源具备很强的实时性，能反映相关领域的最新进展，符合学习者的实际需要，以前的学习者的学习积累的经验、智慧往往也能给他们提供最直接的帮助。因此，泛在学习环境下的学习资源需要体现资源的成长性和生成性——即学习资源能在使用的过程中吸收使用者的集体智慧不断“进化”，这需要变传统的静态化、结构封闭、内容更新迟缓的学习资源为动态生成、持续进化发展、结构开放的学习资源，保留使用过程中产生的生成性信息作为资源进化的养料，体现资源进化和知识建构的历史路径，满足资源自