共和主义第三种自由对两种自由观的超越.pdfVIP

摘 要 自由是西方政治哲学中最核心的概念之一，一直是业内学者们的兴趣之所 在。自上个世纪60 年代以来，西方学术界掀起了一股“共和主义复兴”之风， 然而国内学术界对共和主义的研究却相对比较晚熟。本文试图阐述当代共和主义 所追求的第三种自由观念，并说明其与以往“积极”与“消极”二分的自由理论 相比的优越性。自古以来人们对自由的解释众说纷纭，然而在共和主义思潮中主 要分为两大派系：一派主要采取伯林所谓积极自由的路径来阐述共和主义的自 由，他们的代表人物是以阿伦特和桑德尔为主的新雅典共和主义者，他们将自由 定义为政治参与；另一派则提出了超越于伯林二分式自由之外的“第三种自由”， 以此来弥补积极自由与消极自由二者各自的缺陷，并试图建构独特的共和主义自 由观。但学术界一直对后者的争议不断，认为这种共和主义的第三种自由观是新 瓶装旧酒，仍然没有脱离消极自由的框架，这种自由观的提出不具有独特的价值 和意义。针对此批评，本文以共和主义的自由概念为轴心，首先梳理斯金纳从近 代共和思想史的角度对新共和主义的自由观的解读；其次，说明佩蒂特突破斯金 纳的历史考察角度，从哲学进路全面论述了构建共和主义的第三种自由的可能 性；最后，本文试图表明，当代共和主义的思想们家所阐述的“第三种自由观” 有其自身的价值和优越性。 关键词：共和主义 消极自由 无支配自由 斯金纳 佩蒂特 ABSTRACT Freedom is one of the most core concepts of the western political Philosophy. It always has been the interest of many academic researchers. Beginning from the early sixties, a growing number of academic researchers have been showing their interest s in “Republican Renaissances” from the western academic circles. Even though all kinds of correlated annotations and researchers surfaced, republican studies have a relatively late-maturingperiod from the domestic academic chapter. This essay will explain the third free ideas pursued in the late republican and to elaborate the superiority over the traditional freedom theories ruled by the two poles of thinking. Although different people might have different perception on the interpretation of freedom, they are divided into two groups of republican thoughts. The first group is taking the technique of positive freedom to explain the republican’ freedom, As observed in new Athens Republican which is represented by Arendt and Sandel. With the slogan: freedom of political participation. The other who avoids the traditional interpretation on republican’s freedom, raise the “third freedo