美国合同法.pptVIP

Contract Basics 美国合同法的法律渊源 由判例法和制定法共同构成 学者的著述具有重要的参考价值, 但无强制 约束力. 统一商法典Uniform Commercial Code 是法院必须遵循的法律 是涉及各种商事交易的综合性法律 合同法重述(Restatement of Contract) 美国法学会(ALI) 合同法重述 (Restatement of Contract), 1933 第二次合同法重述(Restatement (2nd) of Contract),1981 不履行合同的法律后果 因违约而不履行合同的, 承担法律责任. 因不可归责于当事人的原因而不履行合同的, 不承担违约责任; 因对方不履约而免责 如果合同中约定了履约顺序, 则从约定; 如果合同没有约定履约顺序, 法院将依案件具体情况推定履约顺序, 但法院倾向于把双方的履行解释为对流条件. 法律要求做到两点, 才能因对方不履行而免责: 曾向另一方表示要履行其义务; 他在合同规定的履行期到来时有充分的能力履行其合同义务 因履行不能而免责 合同标的物的毁损 政府行为使合同不能履行 不可抗力 Force Majeure The event can not be foreseen Must be beyond the control of the parties Not able to be avoided through the exercise of due diligence. Due diligence 合同目的落空 Doctrine of frustration of contract permit the parties to a contract to be relieved of their contractual obligations because of the occurrence of some event beyond their control that makes it impossible, impracticable or frustrates the purpose of the performance of the contract. Other Examples Destruction of thing necessary for performance Ex: O, owner of concert hall, leases her concert hall to P, a concert promoter, for a concert on April 3. The concert hall burns to the ground on April 1. P sues O for breach of contract. Is O’s performance excused? Ex: paint wall Death of a person necessary for performance Ex: F, a famous architect contract to design a house for O, for 200,000. F dies. O pays X $250,000 to design the house. O sues F’s estate for $50,000 resulting from F’s non-performance. Is F’s performance excused? Ex: P contracts to paint O’s house for $1,000. P dies. P’s estate refuses to complete performance or hire someone to complete the performance. O hires X $1,500 to paint the house. Can O sue P’s estate for $500? Frustration of purpose 违约及救济Breach of Contract and Remedies . 违约Breach of Contract 如果一方没有履行合同约定的义务即构成违约 If a party to a contract fails to perform obligations specified in the contract, there is a breach. 受损害方在另一方违约时的权利和义务 中止履行的权利 给违约方自行补救机会的义务 解除或终止合同的权利 中止履行的权