论遵行规则的问题.pdfVIP

摘 要 经过克里普克对维特根斯坦的文本解读和发挥，遵行规则的问题 成为一个当代西方哲学界热点讨论的话题。本文所要揭示的 对这个 问题的三种不同立场：克里普克通过一种所谓的新怀疑论所提出的困 难—— “没有 ‘按行动者的意图遵行规则’的事实”，表明“遵行规 则的行动不过 捉黑摸瞎”。为了克服这个困难，他引入“共同体” 来谈遵行规则，主张遵行规则依赖于“同意”，这样便把规则建立于 约定论的基础上。这种想法直接构成对建立在个体心理学基础上的普 遍语法的挑战，乔姆斯基当然不能同意这种约定论的规则观。他反对 “追求规则背后的事实依据”的做法。在他看来一种理论如果能够最 好地解释行动者的行动，那么这种理论就应当被接受为 。考虑到语 言现象，也就可以说行动者服从（遵行了）该理论 （规则），具备这 种语言知识。而在大多数学者看来，维特根斯坦并不 要通过借助“共 同体”来克服怀疑论困难，他恰恰是在遵行规则处停止追问，遏制了 漫无止境的怀疑。 关键词： KW 问题 遵行规则 语言知识 怀疑论 5 ABSTRACT Since Kripke s reading and explaining, the question about Rule-Following has been a hot topic of western philosophy recently. I will show three different standpoints in my thesis: Kripke showed us a new skepticism——“ there can be no fact about which function I meant”, so “I apply the rule blindly”. To give a solution, Kripke introduced “community”, he alleged that “to ascribe a rule to somebody” depended on others agreement , it is a conventionalism. This idea makes a great challenge to universal grammar ,which is on the basis of individual psychology, Chomsky disagreed with that absolutely. He denied “ seeking for the background of the fact ‘ following a rule’”. According to Chomsky, a theory should be accepted as a real theory if it explains people s action beautifully. Considering the linguistic phenomena , we can assert a speaker is following the theory (rule), and owns the knowledge of language. But some others hold the idea , what Wittgenstein would do is not to solve the Skepticism with “community”, he resisted Skepticism and stayed where rules function. Key words: KW, rule-following, knowledge of language, Skepticism