产业集群，焦点企业，以及经济活力外文翻译.docVIP

本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目：Industrial Clusters, Focal Firms and Economic Dynamism: A Perspective from Italy 出 处： 2001The International Bank for Reconstructionand Development/The World Bank1818 H Street, N.W.Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. 作 者： Cristina Boari 原 文： Cristina Boari University of Bologna, Italy This paper investigates the factors supporting the dynamism of Italian small and medium enterprises(SMEs). These enterprises have proven to be highly competitive and therefore it is interesting to examine why. Italy’s northeast and central regions house a large number of industrial agglomerations of small firms.From these clusters have emerged several of Italy’s best known exports including luxury apparel, tiles,furniture, and packaging machinery. In analyzing the determinants of this success, clustering of firms and proximity effects cannot be disregarded. The organizational structure of industrial clusters is mainly based on subcontracting relationships within vertically disintegrated production chains. Although vertically integrated firms are not unusual,interfirm relationships, of varying degrees, are a widespread feature of most successful Italian industries.The nature of interfirm relationships and their evolution are another important factor supporting the dynamism of small medium enterprises (SMEs). Our paper will mainly concentrate on these two factors—industrial agglomeration and interfirm relationships—within a perspective that considers both the district and individual firms. Long-term observation of industrial districts makes it clear that some organizations greatly influenced and directed the creation and evolution of both clusters and subcontracting relationships. Italian SMEs’ dynamism is strongly indebted to a limited number of companies that were able to identify markets and products and to orchestrate and