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Low wages or skilled labour?
Prospects for foreign direct investment in developing countries
Farhad Noorbakhsh, Alberto Paloni and Ali Youssef
Department of Economics
University of Glasgow
August 1999
Abstract
Most developing countries consider foreign direct investment (FDI) as an invaluable
source for filling the resource gaps that hinder their development programmes.
Moreover, FDI can also be a medium for acquiring skills, technology, organizational
and managerial practices and access to markets. However, although total FDI inflows
have spiralled in recent years, the bulk of the inflows has been directed to only a
limited number of countries. This raises the issue of whether it is possible to identify a
set of government policies that might enhance the attractiveness of developing
countries as locations for FDI. The first part of the paper analyses the evolution in the
structural characteristics of FDI and discusses the changing needs of transnational
corporations (TNCs). The empirical section of the paper investigates the relevance of
human capital in attracting FDI to developing countries. The empirical findings are:
(i) human capital is a statistically significant determinant of FDI inflows; (ii) human
capital is one of the most important determinants; and (iii) its importance has become
increasingly greater through time. This has wide-ranging policy implications.
1. Introduction
Since the early 1980s developing countries have significantly eased
restrictions on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows and the operations of
Transnational Corporations (TNCs). This trend
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