卡夫卡小说的动物意象.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 身处异化世界的现代作家常常在创作中以动物演员去扮演人类生活中的各 种角色，试图从动物的视角去观察和反思人类文明，唤回在文明发展过程中被遗 忘的记忆。在卡夫卡的艺术世界中也有一个独具特色的“动物王国”。他笔下的 动物意象类型各异，内蕴深广。他尤其偏爱那些生活中常见的、较为弱小或是地 位“低贱”的小动物，从它们眼中折射出世界的荒谬和人类的困境，以它们惊恐、 卑微的意象呈现自己面对异化世界的惶恐不安。卡夫卡笔下的动物都是人化的动 物，这些动物意象都通过一种动物的生活提出了人的问题。从内涵上看，卡夫卡 的动物意象大致可以分为四类：重压下的逃避，身份的焦虑，对立面的化身以及 换位的思考。从意象的发展看，前期作品中的动物意象基本上是人与动物之间的 异形转变，是人借变形来逃避恐惧。而外界造成的恐惧日益强大，恐惧对象甚至 化身为巨鼹、兀鹰式的 “大”动物，人自身则完全异化为相应的 “小”动物，或 是藏身于地下，或是沉浸于对自身以至族类命运的反思和出路的探寻。卡夫卡以 小动物和孩子一般未受文明污染的目光，敏感地洞悉了 “日常”中的“异常”， “合理世界”中的“非理性”。对日常世界既叛逆又无力挣脱的矛盾纠缠了他的 一生。他终生在 “天空”与 “地球”的两极间挣扎，执著地以审美创作在天地之 间找寻一条真理之路。尽管他的创作未必能如他所愿地达到直指真理的神圣化高 度，却以谜一样的暗示为人类燃起了希望的篝火: 也许唯一的救赎之路就是回归 人群，在日常中寻找超越的可能。 关键词：动物意象 异化 真理 ABSTRACT The modern writers in the alienated world often use animal images in their works to play various roles of human life. They try to observe and consider human civilization by the view of animals, and arouse the lost memory on the process of civilization development. There is a distinctive “animal kingdom” in the art world of Kafka. The animal images created by him are much various and meaningful. He had a preference for the small animals, who are common, weak or humble, since the absurdity of the world and the dilemma of human beings are reflected by their eyes, and their fear, humble images demonstrated the inside unstableness of the author when he was facing to the alienated world. The animals in Kafka’s are creatures with human-like, which raised issues of human being by one kind of animals daily life. We may intensively identify those animal images in Kafka’s into 4 types: escaping due to high pressure, anxiety of identifying identity, incarnation of the opponent and thinking through the different position. From the idea of images, the animal images in