欧盟ROHS和WEEE指令对宁波家电出口的影响及对策毕业论文.docVIP

毕业论文 （20_ _届） 欧盟ROHS和WEEE指令对宁波家电出口的影响及对策 摘 要 欧盟于2003年2月发布了《关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令》（简称ROHS指令，2002/95/EC）和《关于报废电子电气设备指令》（简称WEEE指令，2002/96/EC），这是两项强制性的技术法规，将对国际贸易产生重大影响。同时，由于2008年金融危机席卷全球。宁波家电业遭遇了前所未有的困境：国际需求锐减，出口严重受阻；企业效益下滑，盈利空间萎缩；产能过剩短期难以消化，产业结构升级难以短期内完成。到了2011年后，经济形势虽然有所好转，但是金融危机的影响远没有过去，伴随着欧盟ROHS和WEEE指令的推行，一场家电产业的绿色革命浪潮扑面而来。在绿色双指令的影响下，宁波的家电出口面临着严峻的挑战。 本文以宁波出口家电企业为研究对象，欧盟ROHS和WEEE指令的产生背景、内容与关系。其次，对欧盟ROHS和WEEE对宁波家电出口的影响进行分析，主要就宁波家电出口状况进行了分析，然后对“绿色双指令”积极影响和消极影响展开了论述；最后，结合宁波家电企业如何应对欧盟ROHS指令和WEEE指令带来的消极影响提出了相关的对策：认为政府要加大服务和扶持力度，行业协会需要发挥行业自律与引导功能，而企业自身需要加强技术创新和研发，只有这样企业才能在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。 关键词：Abstract The European Union in February 2003 released about in electrical and electronic equipment （limit the use of certain hazardous substances in instruction （ ROHS directive, 2002/95 / EC） and about discarded electronic electrical equipment instructions （ WEEE directive 2002/96 / EC, 2002 /）, which is two mandatory technical regulations, will be a significant impact on international trade. Also, since the 2008 financial crisis sweeping the globeNingbo home appliances encountered unprecedented predicament： international demand declines, export obstruction； Enterprise profits downturn, profit space atrophy； capacity short-term difficulty to digest, the upgrading of the industrial structure finish to short-term. Into 2011, economic situation although improved, but far more impact of the crisis without the past, with European Union ROHS and WEEE directive, the implementation of a green revolution wave of electrical appliance industry assailed. In the green double instructions, Ningbo under the influence of the home appliance export faced a serious challenge. This paper takes Ningbo appliance enterprise as the research object, the European Union ROHS and WEEE directive background, content and relationship. Secondly, to European Union ROHS and WEEE in Ningbo foreign export bidirectional effect of home appliance, mainly analyzes foreign export status of Ningbo appliances are analyzed