新疆玛河流域绿洲农田开垦后土壤环境演变分析.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2006,39(2):331-336 Scientia Agriculura Sinica 新疆玛河流域绿洲农田开垦后土壤环境演变分析 1 1 2 张凤华 ，潘旭东 ，李玉义 1 2 （新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室，石河子 832003； 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院，北京 100094 ） 摘要：【目的】研究农田开垦后土壤退化特征及演变规律。【方法】以玛纳斯河流域绿洲为例，利用定位试 验、空间替代法及主成分分析法，研究分析冲积扇下部绿洲农田开垦后土壤环境的变化过程。【结果】随开垦年 限的增加，农田杂草群落由耐盐性多年生植被演替为1年生植被，演替序列主要集中在6～8年，而后进入平稳阶 段。土壤耕层总盐变化呈现先降低后升高的趋势，而土壤养分表现为相反变化。主成分分析表明，农田开垦后土 壤质量总体表现为良性发展而后开始退化，在开垦10年土壤整体质量状况趋向最大，而后综合评价值转为负值。 【结论】可将10～15年作为反映该区域土壤质量总体退化的预警期。 关键词：绿洲农田；开垦年限；土壤质量；预警期 Research on Successional Regulation of Soil Environment After Reclamation in the Manas River Valley 1 1 2 ZHANG Feng-hua ，PAN Xu-dong ，LI Yu-yi 1 （The Key Oasis Eco-Agriculture Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Constr uction Group, Shihezi 832003； 2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University ，Beijing 100094) Abstract: 【Objective and Method 】This research taking the alluvial-fan oasis in Manas river as an example, through the fixed position experiments, the trend estimation model of principal component analysis and so on, the succession of plants and soil characteristics of field in the bottom of alluvial-fan oases were investigated and analyzed ．【Result 】With the increase of years of reclamation the salt-loving, perennial plants were substituted by annual plants and then entered a stable stage after 6-8 years. Total salt content decreased gradually and then increased, which reached the lowest after reclamation for 9.46 years. The soil nutrient showed the contrary to s