一九五八年抗御黄河大洪水的决策和组织机制探略.pdfVIP

2008 2 # # * 一九五八年抗御黄河大洪水的决策和组织机制探略 高 峻 12 1958年 7月, 黄河发生新中国成立以来的特大洪水, 下游河南、山东两省的黄河堤防和东 平湖 堤水位高涨, 呈现险恶的局面。国家黄河防汛指挥机构通过较为科学的决策机制, 提出了不分洪 战胜洪水的建议。沿黄各县、市的干部群众及解放军官兵参与抗洪抢险, 终于取得抗御特大洪水的胜 利。在千里黄河大堤上进行大兵团作战式的防汛抗洪, 民众的组织调动、防汛技术传授及物资支持等, 有赖于逐渐形成的防汛机制。 12 抗御黄河洪水; 决策机制; 组织体制 12 D632. 5 12 A 12 1003- 3815( 2008) - 02- 0104- 07 A P robe into the Decision2making and O rganizingM echanism s for Fighting TheW orst Flood of the Yellow R iver in 1 58 Gao Jun Abstract: 1958w itnessed t ew orst flood in t e Yellow R iver since t e founding ofN ew C ina. In Ju ly t at year, t e em bankm ent of t e river in t e two provinces ofH enan and S angdong and t e dyke of Dongping Lake were in great danger because of t e increasingly rising w ater level. T e Yellow R iver Flood Control Comm and put forw ard, w it t e aid of scientific decision2m ak ing m ec an ism, t e proposal of com bating t e flood w it out flood d ivers ion. T e cadres, m asses and PLA officers and sold iers in all t e counties and cities along t e river were m ob ilized to take part in t e strengt en ing of t e em bankm en t and dyke in order to put t e flood under control. W it t eir con2 certed efforts t e com bat against t e worst flood w asw on at last. T e gradual form ation of flood2controlm ec an ism m ade it possible to launc suc a large form ation w arfare of flood contro,l to organ ize and m ove large num bers of peop le, to teac flood2 control sk ills and transport flood2relief equ ipm ent and m aterials along t e t ousand2m ile long front. 20世纪 50至 60 年代, 中国的黄河、长江、 、 淮河、海河