叶片断裂事故条件下直驱式风电机组动态特性分析.pdfVIP

第48 卷第12 期 机 械 工 程 学 报 Vol.48 No.12 2012 年 12 月 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Feb. 2 0 1 2 叶片断裂事故条件下直驱式风电机组 动态特性分析* 戴巨川 (湖南科技大学机电工程学院 湘潭 411201) 摘要：以兆瓦级直驱式风电机组为研究对象，进行叶片断裂事故发生后风电机组动态特性分析。通过将风轮载荷模型、机电 耦合模型和变桨距控制等多个风电机组子系统模型进行集成，得到较完整的系统整体模型。在风轮载荷模型中，不但考虑气 动载荷，也考虑惯性载荷和重力载荷等；变桨距控制充分考虑变桨距机构动力学特性。在Simulink 环境下建立风电机组数值 仿真模型，并假定叶片断裂后几秒内风电机组尚未停机进行仿真研究。研究结果发现，一个叶片断裂后，风轮旋转力矩出现 突变，发电机电磁力矩快速响应风轮机械旋转力矩，风轮转速能控制在设定值附近波动；风电机组能量捕获与转换出现失衡， 变流器直流电压、输入电网有功功率和无功功率等都出现大幅度波动，造成对电网的冲击。通过分析叶片断裂后风电机组动 态特性，能够为风电机组结构设计、运行控制等提供有益的参考。 关键词：直驱式风电机组 叶片 断裂事故 动态特性 中图分类号：TK83 Dynamic Characteristics Analyzed of Large Scale Directly-driven Wind Turbines under Blade Fracture Accident Condition DAI Juchuan (School of Electromechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201 ) Abstract ：Million watt scale directly-driven wind turbines are chosen as the study object and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed at the condition of a blade fracture accident happening. By integrating the wind rotor loads sub-model, electromechanical coupling sub-model and pitch control sub-model, the system models of wind turbines are obtained. In the wind rotor loads sub-model, not only the aerodynamic force but also the inertia force and gravity force are considered; in the pitch actuator sub-model, the dynamic characteristics are considered. According to the established wind turbine models, the corresponding numerical simulation models are constructed in Simulink; the simulation is carried out assuming that wind turbines have yet to be stopped after a few seconds of blade fracture. The research results show that when a blade fracture