半导体量子点及其应用（Ⅰ.pdfVIP

评 　述 ( ) 半导体量子点及其应用 Ⅰ 赵凤瑷 　　张春玲 　　王占国 ( 中国科学院半导体研究所 　半导体材料科学重点实验室 　北京 100083) 摘 　要 　　量子点 ,又称“人造原子”,它是纳米科学与技术研究的重要组成部分. 由于载流子在半导体量子点中受 到三维限制而具有的优异性能 ,构成了量子器件和电路的基础 ,在未来的纳米电子学 、光电子学 ,光子 、量子计算和 生命科学等方面有着重要的应用前景 ,受到人们广泛重视. 文章分为 Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个部分 :第 Ⅰ部分介绍了半导体量子 点结构的制备和性质 ;第 Ⅱ部分介绍了量子点器件的可能应用. 关键词 　　量子点 ,制备 ,性质 ,检测 ,应用 Semiconductor quantum dots and their potential applications ZHAO FengAi 　　ZHANG ChunLing 　　WANG ZhanGuo ( ) Key L ab of Semiconductor Materials Science , Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beij ing 　100083 , China Abstract 　　Quantum dots , usually called “artificially made atoms ”, are one of the most important subj ects of nanometer science and technology . The superior properties of semiconductor quantum dots resulting from the threedi mensional confinement of the carrier constitute the basis of quantum devices and circuits. The research and develop ment as well as application of semiconductor quantum dots are expected to attract more and more attention and greatly influnce nanometer electronics and optoelectronics , photon and quantum computing and even the life sciences. In this article the fabrication and properties of semiconductor quantum dots and potential application of the devices based on quantum dots are briefly reviewed . Key words 　　quantum dot , preparation , character , detection , application 载流子在三个维度上都受到势垒约束而不能自由运 1 　引言