中国义务教育的非均衡问题.pptVIP

Unbalanced Development of Compulsory Education in China Gao Yimin International and Comparative Education Research Institute Beijing Normal University Current situations Nine-year compulsory education in China In 2004 * enrolment rate for primary school 98.95 % *enrolment rate for junior middle school 94.1 % In 2009 * enrolment rate for primary school 99.4 % *enrolment rate for junior middle school 99 %  Educational expenditure for per student (RMB) [1] Region School Eastern Middle Western Middle VS Eastern Western VS Eastern Primary 2001 2075 851 987 41% 48% 2008 7135.65 3192.37 3631.77 44.74% 50.89% Middle 2001 2655 1165 1474 44% 56% 2008 9077.31 4110.84 4573.80 45.29% 50.39% Educational expenditure for per student (RMB) [1] [2] Area School Urban areas Rural areas Urban VS Rural areas primary 2001 1484 798 1.86 times 2008 3410.09 3116.83 1.09 times middle 2001 1955 1014 1.93 times 2008 4531.83 4005.78 1.13 times Dangerous school buildings [3] It is reported that 77% percent of primary schools and 61% of junior middle schools in rural areas have dangerous school buildings; however, such situation is rarely found in urban areas. (1999) Quality of teachers (in year of 2002) [2] City County Rural QR HD QR HD QR HD Eastern 99.3% 59.6% 98.6% 42.0% 98.0% 29.0% Middle 99.1% 57.0% 98.6% 41.6% 97.8% 26.5% Western 98.3% 53.0% 98.0% 35.2% 94.2% 20.1% QR=qualification rate HD= higher degree Enrolment rate（in the year of 1999）[2] Area Enrolment rate Urban Rural Gap between urban and rural areas Primary to Middle school 98% 90% 8% Middle to High school 55.4% 18.6% 36.8% Yuan (2004) surveyed 17 middle schools in rural areas and found that the drop-out rate is up to 43% on average, and the highest is up to 74%. Completion rate of compulsory educati