薄板加强筋结构焊接过程的有限元模拟.docVIP

焊接顺序对大口径法兰焊接变形的影响 高奇峰 （浙江工业职业技术学院,绍兴312000） 摘要： 关键词： 中图分类号： TG441. 文献标志码： 文章编号： Influence of welding sequence on welding deformation in large-diameter flange GAO Qi-feng （Zhejiang lndustry Polytechnic College, Shaoxing 312000, China） Abstract: In this paper, focused on of large-diameter flange, firstly numerical simulated and experimented the welding process of small-diameter flange to verify its reasonableness, and then numerical simulated the welding process of large-diameter flange with three welding sequences. The results show that the residual stress near weld regions is between 299MPa and 341MPa anddecrease rapidly away from the weld. The welding deformation of workpiece is circular convex deformation upward along the center, the amount of deformation gradually increases from inner to outer diameter, and the maximum deformation is 0.555mm which located in the inner diameter. The residual stress distributiones of numerical simulation and actual welding are in good agreement. The welding deformation of large-diameter flange structure is minimal under the third welding sequence; the maximum deformation is 1.63mm while the maximum residual stress is 424MPa. The adoption of segment weld can reduce the welding deformation. Key words: flange; welding sequence; numerical simulation; welding deformation 0 引言 为简化制造工艺和节省材料，在大型机械结构中广泛采用焊接方法制作法兰盘[1]，由于焊接的过程中不均匀温度场的存在[2]不可避免地导致在法兰焊接结构中形成残余应力和焊接变形，其焊接结构中的环形封闭焊缝的横向收缩容易引起角变形[3]，对于大法兰结构来说就更为严重，大法兰结构如图1所示。 图1 大口径法兰结构 Fig.1 The large-diameter flange structure 焊接变形的存在，不仅影响了法兰的机械加工和装配性能，还降低了焊接结构的承载能力和服役寿命，其焊后矫正过程浪费了大量的人力和物力，严重影响了生产效率[4]。随着计算机技术的飞跃发展，数值模拟技术已经渗透到焊接的各个领域，根据焊接过程的数值模拟可以优化焊接工艺[5]。本研究首先对小法兰结构的焊接过程进行数值模拟，并对数值模拟的结果与实际焊接进行比较，以验证数值模拟的正确性，然后采用有限元的方法对大法兰结构的焊接工艺进行优化，对的生产具有重要指导意义。 1 1.1 试验材料 实验中选用板材的材料为Q345，在数值模拟过程中考虑材料的非线性行为和焊缝的熔敷过程， Q345在高温下的物理性能和力学性能参数[6]见表1，并设置材料的双线性随动强化参数。同时，在计算的过程中，使焊缝单元与母材具有相同的热物性参数。 hysical properties and mechanical performance parameters of Q345 in high temperature 温度 T