重庆市中低产田深度开发模式研究.docVIP

文章编号：1008-181X（2000）03-0231-04 重庆市中低产田深度开发模式研究 高明，周保同，魏朝富，谢德体，朱华玲 （西南农业大学资源环境学院，重庆 400716） 摘要：对重庆市中低产田土深度开发模式进行了研究，结果表明，重庆市中低产田综合开发利用有5大结构类型，22种模式。水稻产量以稻-稻+鱼模式最高，平均产量10275 kg/hm2，比冬水田-稻模式增产23.87%; 其次是稻-稻+鱼+笋和稻-稻-菜模式。经济收入以草莓+葡萄+菜模式最佳，产值99405元/hm2，盈利72300元/hm2，分别是冬水田-稻模式的8.3倍和9.6倍。稻田实行深度开发利用的光能利用率比常规种植模式提高了17.3%~94.5%。由此表明, 中低产田深度开发具有良好的经济效益和生态效益。 关键词：中低产田；深度开发；模式；垄作免耕 中图分类号：S156.99 文献标识码：A Study on Deeply-exploited Model of Middle- and Low-yield Field in Chongqing City GAO Ming, ZHOU Bao-tong, WEI Chao-fu, XIE De-ti ZHU Hua-ling College of Resource and Environment, Southwest Agriculture University, Chongqing 400716, China Abstract: The deeply-exploited model of middle- and low-yield field in Chongqing was studied in this paper. The result showed that there were five struction types and twenty-two models of comprehensive utilization of middle- and low-yield field in Chongqing. The production of paddy rice from rice-rice+fish model was highest, and its average level was 10275 kg/hm2 and increased by 23.87% than winter paddy model. Economic income from strawberry+grape+vegetable model was the best. The utilization ratio of light energy was increased by 17.3%~94.5% on deeply-exploited model than traditional cultivation model in paddy field. Thus it proved that deeply-exploitation of middle- and low-yield field possessed better economic and ecological profit. Key word: middle- and low-yield field; deeply-exploitation; model; ridge tillage and no-tillage 水稻田是重庆市主要粮食生产基地，虽然稻田面积只占总耕地面积的35%，水稻产量却占总产量的50%以上。但目前稻田的生产潜力并没有充分发挥，近一半以上的面积一年仅种一季中稻，年利用时间仅100 d左右，全年2/3的时间淹灌冬闲，致使光、热、水资源低能级利用，冬水田辐射利用系数和光能转化率分别只有1.5%和1.1%，水资源利用仅40%，而且由于长期淹水，普遍存在深、冷、烂、毒、结构差、土粒分散，养分转化率低，僵苗缺素，水稻产量低等问题，因此，为了提高光、热、水资源的利用率，充分挖掘稻田生产潜力，提高单位面积的产量和产值，我们于1992~1994年以垄作免耕技术为载体，对重庆市的中低产田进行了不同利用模式的研究，现将研究结果总结如下。 材料和方法 本项目采取田间定位试验与大面积调查相结合，室内分析与田间试验相结合。根据重庆市主要地貌生态区中低产田类型，对重庆市有代表性的九个区市县的28个点进行典型调查、取样、收集资料，然后进行室内分析。田间试验布置在西南农业大学实验农场，巴南区农科所，潼南县太安镇。土壤分属沙溪庙组的灰棕紫泥和