流域生态风险评估方法研究——以太湖流域为例.pdfVIP

中国环境科学 2012,32(9) ：1693~1701 China Environmental Science 流域生态风险评估方法研究—— 以太湖流域为例 许 妍 1,马明辉 1,高俊峰 2* (1. 国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁 大连 116023 ；2. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究 所,江 南京 210008) 摘要：在分析流域生态风险发生机理的基础上,根据风险评估框架,从风险评估三要素风险源-生境-受体出发,构建了危险度-脆弱度-损失 度流域生态风险评估技术体系,主要包括综合模型的构建、指标体系选取、等级体系划分与评估单元确定等内容,并以太湖流域为例进行 实证分析, 结果表明:太湖流域生态风险整体以中等风险为主,呈升高趋势,与 2000 年相比,2008 年高、较高生态风险所占面积比分别增加 了 0.39%和 5%.实证分析基本验证了模型及方法的科学性和可操作性. 关键词：生态风险；评估方法；太湖流域 中图分类号：X171 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2012)09-1693-09 The evaluation method of ecological risk assessment based on watershed scale——Take the Taihu watershed as 1 1 2* example. XU Yan , MA Ming-hui , GAO Jun-feng (1.National Marine Environment Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China；2.Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China). China Environmental Science, 2012,32(9)：1693~1701 Abstract ：Reference to the previous research results about ecological risk assessment, the paper firstly considered the interaction mechanism and the relationship among each ecosystem from the watershed ecosystem perspective, and then studied the content and features of ecological risk assessment about typical watershed. Secondly, according to the basic elements (risk sources, habitat and effect) affected on the ecological risk assessment, base on an overall consideration of many risk sources, risk factors, multi-endpoint and ecological receptors coexistence, we had constructed an technology system which includes the hazard indicators of risk sources, the vulnerability indicators of habitats as well as the potential loss of risk receptors. The main parts of system included comprehensive model building, index system selection, level division and assessment unit determination. Finally, using the ArcGIS technology and assessment model, we e