中古英格兰陪审团研究%3a以保障个人自由为视角.pdf

Classfied Index： CODE ：10075 U.D.C ： NO A Dissertation for the degree of M. History A Study on Jury in England during the Medieval Period from the Perspective of Safeguarding Individual Freedom Candidate: Du Jie Supervisor: Prof.Zhang Dianqing Academic Degree Applied: Master of History Specialty: World History University: Hebei University Date of Oral Examination: May , 2012 摘 要 摘 要 中古英格兰的陪审团最初是国王加强中央集权的手段，是一种自上而下的制度，但 由于它本身是一项由普通民众参与的法律制度，所以其也成为了民众保障个人自由的武 器。由宣誓之后的 12 名成员共同作出审判的陪审团制度成为封建集权下民众保障个人 自由的工具，是英国式民主形成的基础之一。 本文首先论述了陪审团的起源、形成及广泛实践的背景，指出了陪审团制度民众共 同参与的特点，这种民主性决定了陪审团即便是作为国王加强统治的工具，依然能够在 一定程度上保障民众的权利。其次，对郡法庭陪审团和陪审员的甄选状况进行了论述， 并以轻微盗窃罪和土地纠纷案件为例，论述了郡法庭陪审团如何保护个人自由。再次， 论述庄园法庭陪审团对个人自由的保护，介绍了庄园法庭陪审团和陪审团的人员构成， 重点阐述了庄园法庭陪审团保护个人自由的方式，包括宣告习惯、起诉和审判。尽管中 古英格兰的陪审团制度是由国王以加强封建集权为目的推行的，但其并没有完全成为加 强王权的工具，在一定程度上保护民众人身权利和财产权利，保障了个人自由。 关键词： 陪审团 郡法庭 庄园法庭 民众权利 I Abstract Abstract The Jury in England during the medieval period is first a means of strengthening central power for the king and is a top-down system, but because it is a legal system participated by the common people, it becomes a weapon of safeguarding personal freedom for the common people. Therefore, the Jury System, which is judged by 12 members together after swearing, becomes the tool of safeguarding the personal freedom for the common people under the feudal centralization and is one of the foundations of forming the British democracy. This thesis first di