刘挚与北宋中后期的党争研究.docVIP

 Classified Index: U.D.C.:  CODE: 10075 NO: 034021  A Dissertation for the Degree of M. History The Study on Liu Zhi and Cliquey Conflict in the Late Mid－Northern Song Dynasty  摘 摘  要 要  熙丰、元祐时期是北宋政坛动荡不安的时期，其焦点是围绕着王安石变法展开了变 法与反变法的斗争，一直持续到北宋灭亡。刘挚的仕途生涯主要在这一时期度过。本文 即在这一历史背景下对刘挚的政治态度和活动进行探讨的个案研究。 刘挚担任监察御史里行时正是变法全面展开之时，刘挚对变法措施、变法人物提出 反对意见，遭到变法派的打击，被罢去御史之职，刘挚反对新法，其原因除了思想观念 与变法派的明显不同，还包括地域（南北经济差别）、职业操守、意气之争等因素。 刘挚作为反对变法的强硬分子，为“元祐更化”的实现发挥了重要的作用，他本人 也一路攀升，担任尚书右僕射兼中书侍郎。期间，元祐党内部出现分裂，不但形成朔、 蜀、洛党的纷争，更有宰执与台谏之间的冲突，而刘挚一再为台谏撑腰，被视为朔党领 袖，后因朋党嫌疑而落职。 朋党在传统政治观念中具有明显的贬义色彩，刘挚却因坚持君子和小人之辨而在行 动中体现出党同伐异的倾向，从而被视为朋党。本文还对刘挚在党争中存在的观念与行 为的反差现象进行了分析。  关键词：刘挚  党争  朔党  王安石变法  I Abstract Abstract From Xi Feng to Yuan You, it was a period that was queasy and troublsome in Northern Song Dynasty. The main problem focused on the conflict between pros and cons to Wang-Anshi reform. The conflict lasted over a long period of time and did not finished unit the end of Northern Song Dynasty. Liu Zhi spent his official life during that time. This article was on Liu Zhi’s political attitude and action in this special historical backgroud. Liu Zhi was Jian Cha Yu Shi when the innovation was fully carried out. He is attacked by his political opponent and lost his post because he protested the methods of reform and the people who advocated the reform. What made he protested the reform included not only his idea, but the factors like region, vocation and impulse. As a member who protest the innovation firmly, Liu Zhi made contribution during Yuan You Geng Hua. Because of that, he was promoted speedily until appointed vice-prime minister. In this stage, Yuan You Party fell into interal strife and devided into several parts, such as Shuo Party, Shu Party and Luo Party. There was also conflict between prime minister and Tai Jian officials. Liu Zhi supported Tai Jian officials once and again and was considered the leader of Shuo Party. Clique was notorious in the traditional political history. Liuzhi was thou