综合环保钢铁前处理及汽车涂装的新工艺本科毕业论文+外文翻译.docVIP

燕山大学本科毕业论文 摘要 目前随着国民经济的快速发展，钢铁己变成现代生产生活中必不可少的金属材料。由于铁的物理化学性质决定了它极易受环境的影响，与周围的介质发生化学反应，生成锈蚀，使后处理的质量无法保证，从而减少使用寿命。为解决这个问题，研究金属的防护措施，采用磷化处理技术，也就是把金属基体用一层化学膜包裹起来，探讨磷化液与锈蚀的相关性，从而达到保护作用。 金属表面磷化处理是在酸性磷酸盐溶液中进行化学处理，在其表面生成一层难溶的磷酸盐膜层，它能大大提高涂层的耐蚀性和附着力，在汽车涂装表面处理工艺中得到了广泛应用。全球大部分汽车前处理生产线多采用中温磷化(40~50℃)工艺，该工艺主要缺点是能耗大、成本高、效率低、污染重。为此，国内外一直在研究常温磷化，到目前为止，仅有日本部分汽车制造厂采用，在欧洲、美洲的汽车制造厂基本上都采用常温磷化工艺。常温、少渣、快速磷化技术的研究和应用是21世纪汽车涂装前处理发展的趋势。 本文主要研究了综合环保钢铁前处理(除油、除锈、电化学的方法，对磷化配方工艺进行了电化学研究，磷化)及汽车涂装的新工艺。通过确定环保磷化配方，再进一步确定除油、除锈、磷化的综合钢铁前处理配方，并对成品作了性能评估试验。 关键词 磷化；表面预处理；汽车；涂装；涂料 Abstract At present, with the quick development of national economic, steel has become necessary metal material in modern life. Its physical and chemical properties decide its easily influenced by circumstance, and having chemical reaction with things around. Corrision lead to uncertain quality in treatment, so decrease their using time. In order to solve this problem and research imo the method of metal protection. we take ways of phosphating ,that is covering the metal with chemical film and discuss the relations between phosphating solution and corrision to protect steel. Surfaces phosphate treatment of metal is a chemical treatment in acid phosphate solution. It will produce an undissolved phosphate film on the surface of metal. This film can improve the rust proofing and adhering of the coating. It uses general in the autos surface treatment process before coating. Most of this process in the world use middle temperature phosphate solution(40℃~50℃).The main disadvantages of middle temperature process are: energy-waste, high cost, low efficiency and heavy pollution. So there are many people study the normal temperature phosphate treatment. Until today only a little Japanese auto factories use normal temperature phosphate solution. Most of the auto factories in Europe and America use middle temperature process. The study and appliance of the normal temperature, less dregs and quick phosphate solution is the main trend of the p