生物化学课件--第11章糖代谢.ppt

生物化学教材及参考书 教科书 《Principles of Biochemistry》, H.R. Horton等编著 第四版 教学参考书 《生物化学》,王镜岩主编,第三版 高等教育出版社 《Biochemistry》, J.M. Berg 等编著 《Biochemistry》, C.K. Mathews 等编著 《Principles of Biochemistry》, A.L. Lehninger等编著 《生物化学》,张曼夫主编 中国农业大学出版社 《动物生物化学》,周顺伍等主编 第三版 中国农业大学出版社 第十一章糖代谢 Key Terms glycolysis lactic acid fermentation alcoholic fermentation gluconeogenesis obligate anaerobe facultative anaerobe hexokinase kinase phosphofructokinase (PFK) thioester intermediate substrate-level phosphorylation mutase enol phosphate pyruvate kinase bifunctional enzyme feedforward stimulation committed step pyruvate carboxylase biotin glucose 6-phosphatase substrate cycle Cori cycle II. Transducing 一 糖的生理功能 构成组织和细胞的成分（核糖，粘多糖，细胞膜，神经组织） 氧化供能（1克葡萄糖完全氧化可放出4千卡能量） 转变成其他物质 二 糖的来源与去路 来源： 消化道吸收；不同动物有不同的形式 非糖物质转变而来：肝脏中的糖异生 去路：小肠吸收→肝：合成糖原 氧化供能 进入血液→ ☆机体组织细胞 转变成其他物质 ☆机体组织细胞：合成肌糖原 氧化供能 转变成其他物质 Glycogen Structure. In this structure of two outer branches of a glycogen molecule, the residues at thenonreducing ends are shown in red and residue that starts a branch is shown in green. The rest of the glycogen moleculeis represented by R. Electron Micrograph of a Liver Cell. The dense particles in the cytoplasm are glycogen granules.[Courtesy of Dr. George Palade.] Fates of Glucose 6-Phosphate. Glucose 6-phosphate derived from glycogen can (1) be used as a fuel foranaerobic or aerobic metabolism as in, for instance, muscle; (2) be converted into free glucose in the liver andsubsequently released into the blood; (3) be processed by the pentose phosphate pathway to generate NADPH or ribosein a variety of tissues. An Overview of Glycogen Metabolism Glycogen degradation and synthesis are relatively simple biochemical processes. Glycogen degradation consists of three steps: (1) the release of glucose 1-phosphate fro