第四章 心境障碍1.ppt

心境 (情感)障碍Mood (Affective) disorders Historic overview Hippocrates: Kahlbaum( 1882) : “Cyclothymia”, “Dysthymia” Kraepelin(1886): “manic- depressive disorder” Definition Mood disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by obvious and persistent elation or depression of mood . The mood disturbance is commonly associated with cognitive and behavioral changes. In severe cases,psychotic symptoms,such as hallucination and delusion,may be observed. There is a tendency for the disorders to recur , but most recurrent episodes will eventually remit.In certain cases,an episode may become chronic and residual symptoms are observed. 定 义 以显著而持久的情绪障碍为主要症状的精神障碍，以心境高扬或低落为基本临床相，伴有相应的思维和行为改变。有反复发作的倾向，间歇期大都精神活动正常。少数病例可有残留症状或转为慢性。 classification Manic episode （unipolar ） The disorder is characterized by elated and expansive mood that is out of keeping with the individual’s circumstances. The mood disturbance may vary from carefree joviality to uncontrollable excitement. Sometimes, irritability is the predominant presentation. In mild cases, impairment of social function may be absent or minimal. Psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, may be observed in severe cases. 2. Major Depressive episode （ unipolar ） characterized by depressed mood that is out of keeping with the circumstances. It may vary from low mood to melancholia, or even stupor. In severe cases , psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, may be present. Anxiety and motor agitation may be more prominent than depression in some cases . 3.Biopolar disorders Bipolar I disorder: consisting of episodes of mania cycling with depressive episodes. Experiences a major depressive episode and has had one or more manic episodic. 3.Biopolar disorders Bipolar II disorder: consisting of episodes of hypomania cycling with depressive episodes Experiences a major depressive episode and has had one or more hypomanic episodic 3.Biopo