LNG单一燃料汽车运行分析研究.pdf

摘 要 随着石油能源危机和环境污染问题的日益严重，降低发动机能源消耗和排 放、为传统的燃油汽车寻找一种能取代石油的低污染 “清洁能源”，成为世界目 前的两个重要研究方向。现在研究较多的途径是对传统内燃机进行改装和研制替 代能源内燃机。燃气(主要指压缩天然气和液化天然气)汽车以其优良的排放和良 好的经济性得到了普遍推广使用，成为替代能源内燃机的主要研究内容。液化天 然气作为汽车燃料较压缩天然气有更有优势：首先，在同等体积下，液化天然气 密度是压缩天然气的3~4倍，这就决定了LNG汽车一次冲罐行驶里程大和车用储 罐携带方便的优点；其次，LNG是经过纯化处理过的天然气，成分基本是甲烷， 不含硫和氮等杂质，因此在燃烧中基本不会产生硫化物和氮化物等污染气体。 本论文的主要研究目标是LNG单一燃料（高原型）汽车发动机的结构参数和 运行参数对汽车性能的影响，以台架试验和路面行车试验数据为分析依据，对改 装后的LNG公交汽车进行动力性、经济性和环保性考核，并对改装后车辆出现的 问题及故障提出解决方案。 关键词：LNG，天然气发动机，燃气供给系统、试验 I ABSTRACT ABSTRACT AABBSSTTRRAACCTT As a result of the world energy crisis and the growing environmental pollution, decreasing the energy consumption and emission of engine, as well as seeking for a “clean energy” replacing oil for the traditional automobile, have undoubtedly become the two key research topics nowadays in the world. Most of approaches are focused on improvements to traditional internal combustion engine and development of alternative energy sources. Gas(mainly refers to compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG)) vehicles have been widely used due to their correspondingly lower emissions and costs. In contrast to the CNG, LNG as fuel of automobile has a greater advantage firstly, under the same volume, the density of ： LNG is 3-4 times bigger than the density of CNG, which determines a larger mileage by a given quality of fuel and a better portability of the vehicular storage tank for the LNG automobile, secondly, LNG after purification mainly consists of methane without any impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen, therefore, there are no sulfide, nitrideandany otherpollutiongases thatmayemergebycombustionoftheengine. In this dissertation, we systematically analyse the influence of structural p