河道洪水演算方法的研究与应用论文论文.doc

摘　　　　要　  洪水极大地危及到人民生命财产安全  因此对洪水的演进过程进行准确的计算  是一个重要的研究课题  具有很强的理论和现实意义  本文以清江河道洪水演算的  实际工作为背景  对洪水演算的原理  数学模型及实现进行了研究  对圣维南演算  模型与马斯京根演算模型的要点与难点进行了分析  并提出了一些改进措施  　  本文首先阐述了国内外洪水演算理论和方法的发展与现状  介绍了洪水演进的  基本原理和功能要求  接着从洪水过程的数学模型入手  讨论了圣维南方程的数值  解法及其定解条件  着重论述了 Ｐｒｅｉｓｓｍａｎｎ 差分格式的应用与矩阵方程的求解过  程  然后叙述了马斯京根演算理论  着重探讨其演算参数的率定方法  针对传统率  定方法的不足  剖析了遗传算法  模拟退火算法在参数率定方面的应用  并提出在  遗传算法中引入模拟退火机制来改善其全局寻优能力  　  本文重点之一是分析了圣维南演算模型的边界条件及其适用情况  针对库区河  道  分析了闸门调整情况对演算结果的影响  同时讨论了河道断面参数对演算的影  响  对于不规则断面的河道  引入蓄存宽度与计算宽度的概念  研究长河道马斯京  根演算模型的改进措施是本文的另一个重点  指出长河道等长分段时  其洪水传播  时间并不相同  进而提出长河道不等长分段的演算方法  本文最后比较了圣维南模  型与马斯京根模型的优缺点及其适用情况 　  　  关键词  洪水演算  圣维南模型  四点隐式差分  马斯京根模型  遗传算法 模拟退火算法 I ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴ　 It is well known that flood may badly endanger human’s lives and wealth. So effective and accurate forecasting is a very important subject, which has a pretty strong academic and practical meaning. Based on the research of flood process in Qingjiang River, flood propagation theory, mathematical model and realization of the algorithm are discussed in this paper. Also, Saint- venant equations and Muskingum model are analyzed. As a result, some useful conclusions are deduced. At first, development of flood propagation theory is reviewed, then fundamental principle and main functions of calculating flood propagation are introduced. Moreover, mathematical model of flood is established, and also the numerical solution and restricted conditions of Saint–venant equations are presented. Using finite difference in solving differential equations is analyzed deeply. As far as Muskingum model be concerned, the important thing is calibrating parameters. Several disadvantages of traditional methodused in calibrating parameters are pointed out, and some optimized algorithms are compared here, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Annealing Algorithm (SA) and Improved Genetic Algorithm. One of the emphases in this paper is discussing the restricted conditions of Sain