测距系统的设计.docVIP

摘 要 由于超声波指向性强,能量消耗缓慢,在介质中传播的距离较远,因而超声波经常用于距离的测量,如测距仪和物位测量仪等都可以通过超声波来实现.利用超?声波检测往往比较迅速,方便,计算简单,易于做到实时控制,并且在测量精度?方面能达到工业实用的要求,因此在移动机器人的研制上也得到了广泛的应用.?为了使移动机器人能自动避障行走,就必须装备测距系统,以使其及时获取距障?碍物的距离信息(距离和方向).超声波是一种频率在20KHz以上的机械波，在空气中的传播速度约为340 m／s(20°C时)。超声波可由超声波传感器产生，常用的超声波传感器两大类：一类是采用电气方式产生超声波，一类是用机械方式产生超声波，目前较为常用的是压电式超声波传感器。由于超声波具有易于定向发射，方向性好，强度好控制，对色彩、光照度不敏感，反射率高等特点，因此被广泛应用于无损探伤，距离测量、距离开关、汽车倒车防撞、智能机器人等领域。 ABSTRACT Due to the strong ultrasonic directivity slowly, and energy consumption in a medium transmission distance is farther, thus ultrasonic often used for distance measurement, such as rangefinder and material level measurement instruments can be realized by ultrasonic sound wave test. Using super fast, convenient, is often simple calculation, easy to achieve real-time control, and in the measurement precision can reach in industrial practical requirement, so in mobile robot developed on the also widely application. In order to make mobile robots can automatic obstacle avoidance walking, he must be equipped with distance measuring system, in order to make its way from disabled that gets timely distance information (distance and direction). Ultrasound is a kind of frequency wave in the above 20KHz in air, the velocity is about 340 m/s (20 ° C). Ultrasonic by ultrasonic sensors can be produced, the ultrasonic sensors used two kinds: one kind is to use electrical way in producing ultrasonic, one kind is currently producing ultrasonic, mechanical way is relatively commonly used piezoelectric type ultrasonic sensors. Because of ultrasonic is easily beaming, directional good, good intensity control of color, light, not sensitive, reflectivity higher characteristic, therefore is widely used in NDT, distance measurement, distance switch, automobile reverse impact-proof, intelligent robot, etc. keywords: ultrasonic sensors and single-chip microcomputer 目 录 引言................................................................1 1.测距系统的说明 1.1测距原理...............................