想象“共和”——republic在近代的汉译定名历程.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 本研究基于大量史料研究分析，揭示出“共和”这一词汇如何通过西语、日语两条 路径进入汉语之中。十九世纪初期，“republic”是以政体类型知识的面目在“ 民主 国”这一汉译名称下进入晚清儒生的视野，与“君主国”形成对举。至十九世纪末 期，随着“ 民主”被逐渐用以汉译“democracy” ，以及“republic” 的日语译名“共和” 在诸多留日中国智识阶层笔下频繁使用，“共和（国）”逐渐取代“ 民主国”成为 “republic” 的汉译词。同时，从日本引入的“共和”也不再作为刻板的政体知识，而 是同法国式的弑君革命等一系列印象缠绕在一起，因其沾染浓重的反君主意味， 演变为后来革命党人重要的政治宣传口号。 关键词 ：共和，民主国，政治术语，译介，革命 ABSTRACT In this research, the two paths to the Chinese language of the word “republic” are analyzed on the basis of a large amount of primary sources. In the first path, “republic” was treated as a kind of knowledge on regimes, and the Chinese word of “republic” was “minzhu guo”, contrasting with “junzhu guo ”, at that time. When the Chinese scholars or students in Japan widely used the Japanese word “kyowa”, the Chinese word “gonghe” became mainstream and substituted “minzhu guo”. In addition, the word “gonghe” coming from Japan was not just common knowledge but an important slogan of the political party, which indicated a tendency to overthrow the monarchy. KEY WORD: Republic, Minzhu Guo, Gonghe, Political Terminology, Translation, Revolution 目 录 绪 论 ···························································································· 1 第一章 理想国？“Republic”现代义的勃兴与十八世纪的革命遗产 ················6 第一节 英国内战及“republic” 的现代义转向······································7 第二节 美法革命的历史意识与“共和”愿景····································· 10 第二章 “民主国”：混沌的西学新知 ················································ 14 第一节 Republic 辞典释义的初生与流变 ········································ 14 第二节 由新名词转向政体分类之一种的republic ····