the world of colours and light-grammar and usage学案（选修8 Unit 3）.docVIP

倒装句 一个句子的自然语序往往是把主语置于谓语动词之前。但是，有些时候我们还需要把谓语或者谓语的一部分提到主语之前，这就叫做倒装。倒装又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 一、完全倒装 完全倒装是将句子的谓语全部置于主语之前，为了强调放在句首的内容或平衡句子结构，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的情况有： (1) 方位副词here, there, up, down, away, out, in…和时间副词now, then等置于句首时谓语常用be, come, go, lie, run等动词。如： Then came the chairman. 主席来了。 注意：如果主语是代词，仅副词提前，主谓不倒装。如： And away he flew. 他飞走了。 (2) 当表示方位的介词短语放在句首时，句子需用完全倒装。如： In the middle of the yard stands a big tree. 院子中央有一颗大树。 (3) 表语提到句首时需用完全倒装，这样往往是因为主语有较长的修饰语。 On both sides of the road are beautiful flowers. 路的两边是美丽的鲜花。 Gone are the days when the farmers were looked down upon. 农民被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。 【链接高考】 1. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. (江苏 2009) A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended 2. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away_____. (上海 2009) A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief 【答案】1-2 CD 二、部分倒装 部分倒装就是把谓语的一部分(助动词或情态动词)置于主语的前面。常常分为如下几种情况： (1) only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且放在句首时，句子需要用部分倒装。如： Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 直到那时我才意识到自己错了。 【链接高考】 1. Only when I left my parents for Italy _____ how much I loved them. (重庆 2008) A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 2. _____you eat the correct foods _____be able to keep fit and stay healthy. (江苏 2008) A. Only if… will you B. Only if… you will C. Unless… will you D. Unless… you will 【答案】1-2 DA 注意：① only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装；② only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。 (2) rarely, never, scarcely, little, hardly, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no way, nowhere, not until, no sooner…than, hardly…when, not only…(but also), neither…nor等否定意义的副词、连词或介词短语放在句首时，句子需用部分倒装。如： She has been living in the countryside for twenty years, but seldom has she felt so lonely as now. 她在乡下生活了20年，但很少像现在这样感到孤独。 No sooner had he closed his eyes than he dreamt of his d